1989 - Present

Historical Timeline

Calendar Months

Most newspaper article events happen anywhere from days, to months, to years before they reach publication. Consequently, most newspaper articles on this timeline are preceded by the date of the newspaper in which they appear. (Note: Detailed data source transcription for all news article quotes - this timeline - generally didn't begin until 2003.) [E.M. / D.R.D.] *Color Code

January 1989

1989 - Astronomic Configuration - "A Stellium, includes three or more planets conjunct each other within close succession. 1989 saw a stellium involving Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and stelliums of this kind are more common. A stellium represents a tremendous ending and new beginning, a concurrence of three or more cycles. The past is lost, and a journey into a wide-open future follows. The next conjunction comes in over 13 centuries' time in 3,370."
1989 - Fatality / Emperor Herohito, Japan - January 7th: "Japan's Emperor Herohito dies at age 87."
1989 - U.S. President George H. W. Bush - January 20th, 1989: "The 41st American President, George H. W. Bush [Republican], begins his term. Dan Quayle was sworn in as vice president."
1989 - First Black Governor / U.S.A. - January 26th, 1989: "L. Douglas Wilder, the lieutenant governor of Virginia, launched his successful campaign to become the first elected black governor of a U.S. state."
1989 - Trial / Oliver North - January 31st, 1989: "Jury selection began in the trial of former National Security Council aide Oliver North, charged in connection with the Iran-Contra affair. He was later convicted on three counts, but those convictions were set aside, and the case was not retried."
February 1989
1989 - Thwarted Pay Increase / U.S. Congress - February 7th, 1989: "Bowing to public outrage, both houses of Congress voted to kill their scheduled 51 percent pay increase."

1989 - Soviet Union Leaves Afghanistan - February 15th, 1989: "The Soviet Union announced that the last of its troops had left Afghanistan, after more than nine years of military intervention."
1989 - Bounty / Salman Rushdie - February 24th: "Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini has placed a bounty on author Salman Rushdie's head for writing the book The Satanic Verses."
1989 - Slovene Opposition Party - February, 1989: "The Slovenes formed an opposition party to Communist rule."
March 1989
1989 - Launched / World Wide Web - March, 1989: "The first versions of HTML that launched the Web appeared. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web."
*Trivia "Tim Berners-Lee, who received a $1.2 million cash prize Tuesday [06/15/04] for creating the World Wide Web, says he would never have succeeded if he had charged money for his inventions. [....] Berners-Lee is originally from Britain and was knighted last December. He has mostly avoided both the fame and the fortune won by many of his Internet colleagues. Despite his prize he remained modest about his achievements. [....] Berners-Lee first proposed the Web in 1989 while developing ways to control computers remotely at CERN, the European nuclear research lab near Geneva. He never got the project finally approved but his boss suggested he quietly tinker with it anyway. He fleshed out the core communication protocols needed for transmitting Web pages: the HTTP, or hypertext transfer protocol, and the so-called markup language used to create them, HTML. By Christmas day 1990, he finished the first browser, called simply WorldWideWeB.' Although his inventions have undergone rapid changes since then, the underlying technology is precisely the same. His recent project - which experts say is potentially as revolutionary as the World Wide Web itself - is called the Semantic Web. The project is an attempt to standardize how information is stord on the Internet and to organize automatically the junge of data found today on the Net into a 'web' of concepts. By attaching meaning to data behind the scenes, computers can do a better job of searching for information." [Based on: Mans Hulden, A.P., 06/16/2004]
1989 - Merger / Time Warner - March 4th, 1989: "Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc. announced a deal valued at $14 million to merge into the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate."
1989 - X15 Solar Flare - March 6th, 1989: "On this date in history an X15 solar flare ["5th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1989 - Volcanic Eruption / Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala - March 7th-10th, 1989: "Vigorous explosive activity from Pacaya 7-10 March deposited ash to the S coast (more than 50 km away), and lava flows advanced several kilometers from two flank vents. Activity at Pacaya in recent months had been characterized by moderate summit Strombolian activity and production of small lava flows from upper flank vents. About 1600 seismic events/day were recorded through most of February. A slight increase in seismicity was observed 25-27 February, and the number of events varied from 1700 to 2300, 28 February-6 March. A logarithmic increase began 7 March at about 0600, continuing until the onset of the main eruption at about 1300. [....]"
*Trivia: "Pacaya is a complex volcano constructed on the S rim of the 14 x 16 km Pleistocene Amatitlan Caldera. In 1565, the first recorded historical eruption from Pacaya caused ashfall for three days in Guatemala City. Following explosions in July and October 1965, Strombolian activity was generally continuous until March 1989 when explosive activity removed ~75 m of the MacKenney cone summit and enlarged the crater. Strombolian activity began again in January 1990 and has continued intermittently since then. This latest episode of activity, although smaller in terms of area impacted by tephra, is similar to the activity during July-August 1991, which again destroyed part of the cone and damaged towns W of the volcano. [....]
[Based on: http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcanoes/region14/guatemal/pacaya/var_01.htm#sean_1402]
1989 - Conflict / Beirut Lebanon - March 8th, 1989: "In Lebanon, daily artillery barrages between Christian and Syrian forces and their militia allies began in Beirut; at least 930 people were killed before a cease-fire took hold the following September."
1989 - "Great Magnetic Storm" / Power Failure, Canada & U.S.A. - March 13th, 1989: "On March 13, 1989, at 2:44 am, a transformer failure on one of the main power transmission lines in the HydroQuebec system precipitated a catastrophic collapse of the entire power grid. The string of events that produced the collapse took only 90 seconds from start to finish. There was no time for any meaningful intervention. The transformer failure was a direct consequence of ground induced currents from a space weather disturbance high in the atmosphere. 6 million people lost electrical power for 9 or more hours. [....]"
[Based on: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/spaceweather/blackout.html]
*Trivia: "[....] A large space storm in 1989 made currents on the ground that caused a failure in the Hydro-Quebec electric power system. This prevented 6 million people in Canada and the US from having electricity for over 9 hours. The same storm caused the atmosphere to inflate and dragged the LDEF satellite to a lower orbit earlier than expected. [....]"
[Based on: http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/sppb/edu/magnetosphere/mag6.html] - [3rd paragraph]
*Trivia: "... in 1989, when a fierce CME [coronal mass ejection] struck the Earth, it blew out HydroQuebec's power grid, leaving almost seven million people without electricity, and a multimillion-dollar damage bill." [N.G.M., July 2004, p. 15]
1989 - U.S. Secretary of Defense / Dick Cheney - March 17th, 1989: "The Senate unanimously confirmed Wyoming Congressman Dick Cheney to be secretary of defense, following the failed nomination of former Sen. John Tower."
1989 - Stepping Down / Dick Clark - March, 1989: "Entertainment highlights during the week of March 20th - 26th: "Dick Clark announced he was stepping down as host of 'American Bandstand,' after 33 years." [Based on: A.P., 03/21/05]

1989 - Oil Spill / Exxon Valdez, Alaska - March 24th, 1989: "Good Friday, The nation's worst oil spill occurred as the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran into Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound and began leaking 11 million gallons of crude."
*Trivia: "ExxonMobil Corp. has paid $3.2 billion [as of March 2004] for cleanup and fees in the 1989 oil spill in Valdez, Alaska. A federal judge has ordered the company to pay an additional $7 billion in punitive damages and interest." [A.P., 03/25/04]
1989 - 1st Free Elections / Soviet Union - March 26th, 1989: "The first free elections took place in the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin was elected [to Congress of People's Deputies]. Voters in the Soviet Union filled 1,500 of more than 2,000 seats in the new Congress of People's Deputies, beginning embarrassing defeats for the Communist Party."
1989 - ET Contacts? - "In a letter written in March, 1989 to Robert Nelson, Hodowanec [Greg Hodowanec] states that 'Generally, our contacts are limited to 20-30 minutes ... since there appear to be other ETs out there interested in joining in also, and so there is some interference after a while. Some of these other ETs use other methods of communications such as tones and what appear to be guttural voices.' " [Tim Swartz, The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, p. 35]
April 1989
1989 - "Mars Flashes?" - "... in a letter dated April 4, 1989 to Nelson. '... my [Gregory Hodowanec] 'contacts' with Mars continue with much information being exchanged. However, due to the increasingly astounding nature of these exchanges, I am now limiting further releases to only two long-time observers (witnesses) of my research efforts. This is being done so as not to jeopardize these contacts with unwanted notoriety or publicity in the media. There are now nine 'Mars Flashes' for the record. Perhaps, in the future, I may release some of these." [Tim Swartz, The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, p. 35]
1989 - Fatality / Hu Yaobang, China - April 15th, 1989: "In China thousands of students in Shanghai and Beijing took to the streets to mourn the death of Hu Yaobang; the protests culminated in the Tiananmen Square massacre."
1989 - Tensions / China - April 18th, 1989: "Thousands of Chinese students demanding democracy tried to storm Communist Party headquarters in Beijing."
1989 - Protests / China - April 21st, 1989: "Tens of thousands of people crowded into Beijing's Tiananmen Square ['Heaven's Gate']. Cheering students waved banners demanding greater political freedoms." [Link: 1]
1989 - Student Strike / China - April 24th, 1989: "Thousands of students went on strike in Beijing."
1989 - Student Protest / Tiananmen Square, China - April 27th, 1989: "In China more than 150,000 students and workers calling for democracy marched, cheered and sang as they took over Tiananmen Square in central Beijing."
May 1989
1989 - Conviction / Oliver North - May 4th, 1989: "Fired White House aide Oliver North was convicted of shredding documents and two other crimes and acquitted of nine other charges stemming from the Iran-Contra affair. The three convictions were later [1991] overturned on appeal."
1989 - "President" Slobodan Milosevic / Serbia - May 8th, 1989: "Yugoslavia was made up of six republics. Milosevic became president of Serbia, alarming non-Serb Yugoslavians, who feared Serb domination." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05]
*Links: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1989 - Hunger Strike / China - May 13th, 1989: "Approx. 2,000 students began a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square, China."
1989 - Died / Gilda Radner - May 20th, 1989: "Reportedly died [from ovarian cancer] this date in history: Actress / Comedian, Gilda Radner. She was 42."

1989 - Protestors / Tiananmen Square, China - May 18th, 1989: "In China a million protestors filled Tiananmen Square."
1989 - Foreign Relations / Soviet Union & China - May 18th, 1989: "During his visit to Beijing, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev met with Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, formally ending a 30-year rift between the two Communist powers."
1989 - Censored Media / China - May 20th, 1989: "During China's pro-democracy protests, Beijing officials ordered CBS and CNN to end their live on-scene reports."
1989 - Pro-Democracy March / China - May 21st, 1989: "Thousands of native Chinese marched in Hong Kong, Paris, Tokyo and scores of other cities in a worldwide show of support for the pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing. "

1989 - Protest Marches / China - May 23rd, 1989: "An estimated 1 million people in Beijing and tens of thousands in other Chinese cities marched to demand that Premier Li Peng resign."
1989 - Trivia / Li Peng, China - May 24th, 1989: "China's top army command published a letter strongly supporting hard-line Premier Li Peng, who was reportedly locked in a power struggle with rival factions who opposed his strong stance against student protesters."
1989 - Status / Tiananmen Square, China - May 27th, 1989: "Leaders of the Chinese student protest movement proposed that demonstrators hold one more rally, then end their occupation of Tiananmen Square, an idea that was later abandoned."
1989 - "Goddess of Democracy" / Tiananmen Square, China - May 30th, 1989: "Student demonstrators at Tiananmen Square in Beijing erected a 33-foot statue they called the 'Goddess of Democracy'."
June 1989
1989 - Gov't. Crackdown / Tiananmen Square, China - June 2-4th, 1989: "In China hundreds - possibly thousands - of people died as Chinese army troops stormed Beijing to crush the pro-democracy movement. A surge in imports and loose money supplied fuel for a potent mix of corruption and double-digit inflation. Hundreds of thousands of discontented Chinese took to the streets of Beijing, demanding more reform - but the military crushed the protests in the Tiananmen Square crackdown. Zhao Ziyang was ousted. The West and Japan cut off aid. Bao Tong was the only Communist Party official arrested in the Tianamen Square uprising. He was released with ill-health in 1996. Han Dongfang, leader of China's first independent trade union spent 22 months behind bars for his role in the pro-democracy uprising. Ren Wanding was also again jailed for giving speeches in the pro-democracy protests."
1989 - Fatality / Ayatollah Khomeini - June 3rd, 1989: "Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, died. He held the office of supreme leader."
1989 - Constitutional / American Flag Burning - June 21st, 1989: "The Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag as a form of political protest is protected by the First Amendment."
1989 - Party Chief Jiang Zemin / China - June 28th, 1989: "China's new Communist Party chief, Jiang Zemin, said his government would show no mercy to leaders of the crushed pro-democracy movement, which he termed a 'counterrevolutionary rebellion'."
1989 - Off Line / Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant - "Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant owned by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District goes off line. The 913 megawatt facility is closed by a vote of the electorate in June 1989."
July 1989
1989 - Ozone Treaty - July 1st, 1989: "The Montreal Protocol, which was an international treaty dealing with ozone-destroying pollutants, went into effect. The treaty sought to cut in half production of chemicals posing the greatest risk to ozone."
1989 - Disposition / Oliver North - July 5th, 1989: "Former National Security Council aide Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in Iran-Contra. The convictions were later overturned. "

1989 - Test Flight / U.S. Stealth Bomber - July 17th, 1989: "The controversial B-2 Stealth bomber underwent its first test flight at Edwards Air Force Base in California, two days after a technical problem forced a postponement."
1989 - Birth / Daniel Radcliffe ["Harry Potter"] - July 23rd, 1989: "Reportedly born [London, England] on this date in history: Daniel Radcliffe [the actor who played Harry Potter]."
1989 - Astronomic Configuration Trivia: July 23rd, 1989: "Sun [0 Leo], Moon [26 Pisces], Mercury [5 Leo], Venus [28 Leo], Mars [22 Leo], Jupiter [28 Gemini], Saturn [9 Capricorn R.], Uranus [2 Capricorn R], Neptune [10 Capricorn R], Pluto [12 Scorpio D]."
1989 - Hostage Crisis / Lebanon - July 30th, 1989: "In Lebanon, the pro-Iranian group Organization for the Oppressed on Earth threatened to kill an American hostage, Marine Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, unless Israel released Sheik Abdul-Karim Obeid, a cleric seized by Israeli commandos."
1989 - Fatality / American Hostage, Lebanon - July 31st, 1989: "A pro-Iranian group in Lebanon released a grisly videotape purportedly showing the hanged body of American hostage William R. Higgins."
1989 - Trivia / Mad Cow Disease - July 1989: "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) bans the importation of ruminant animals from countries with confirmed cases of BSE." [Based on: St. Petersburg Times, 03/12/01]
August 1989
1989 - Multiple Opposition - "A Multiple Opposition includes two or more conjuncting planets opposed by one or more planets in the opposite sign. A recent historic example arose in 1989, when Saturn and Neptune conjuncting in Capricorn were opposed by Jupiter [beginning in August] and Chiron conjuncting in Cancer. These are uncommon, though crucial. They have a climactic quality of breakthrough or starting-over, of catharsis and rapid advance. Things reach critical mass, and past and future are contrasted wildly."
1989 - Status / Hostage Crisis, Lebanon - August 3rd, 1989: "Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon suspended their threat to execute another American hostage, three days after the purported hanging of Lt. Col. William R. Higgins."
1989 - Status / Hostage Crisis, Lebanon - August 4th, 1989: "Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani offered to help end the hostage crisis in Lebanon, prompting President Bush to say he was 'encouraged'."
1989 - Lunar Eclipse - August 16th, 1989: "A rare 'prime time' lunar eclipse occurred over most of the United States, although clouds spoiled the view for many."
1989 - Voyager 2 / Neptune - August 21st, 1989: "The U.S. space probe Voyager 2 fired its thrusters to bring it closer to Neptune's mysterious moon Triton. On August 24th, Voyager 2 passed within three thousand miles of Neptune sending back striking photographs."
1989 - Drug War / Colombia - August 24th, 1989: "Colombian drug lords declared 'total war' on the government."

1989 - Fraud & Conspiracy Trial / Jim Bakker - August 28th, 1989 - "Former televangelist Jim Bakker's fraud and conspiracy trial opened in Charlotte, N.C.; Bakker was convicted of all counts the next October."
1989 - Time Experiments? / Russia - "A tragedy occurred on August 30, 1989: an extremely strong explosion sounded at the Institute's branch office on the Anjou islands. The explosion destroyed not only the experimental module of 780 tons but also the archipelago itself that covered the area of 2 square kilometers. According to one of the versions of the tragedy, the module with three experimenters collided with a large object, probably an asteroid, in the parallel world or heading toward the parallel world.
"Having lost its propulsion system, the module probably remained in the parallel world. The last record made in the framework of the experiment and kept at the Institute archives says: 'We are dying but keep on conducting the experiment. It is very dark here; we see all objects become double, our hands and legs are transparent, we can see veins and bones through the skin. The oxygen supply will be enough for 43 hours, the life support system is seriously damaged. Our best regards to the families and friends!' Then the transmission suddenly stopped." [Olga Zharina, 03/01/2004, Pravada]
September 1989
1989 - U.S. Aid / Colombia - September 3rd, 1989: "The United States began shipping a $65 million package of military aircraft and weapons to help Colombia's war against drug lords."

1989 - Last Titan 3 Rocket - September 4th, 1989: "The Air Force launched its last Titan 3 rocket, which reportedly carried a reconnaissance satellite. Since 1964, the Titan 3 had sent more than 200 satellites into space."
1989 - Hurricane Hugo - September 10th, 1989: "Hurricane Hugo, swept through the Caribbean and the Carolinas Sept. 10-22 causing at least 40 deaths and $6 bil in damage in the Carolinas alone." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 554]
1989 - Exodus / East Germany - September 10th, 1989: "Hungary gave permission for thousands of East German refugees and visitors to emigrate to West Germany. The exodus of East German refugees from Hungary to West Germany began, by way of Austria."

1989 - Ground Broken / Temple of ECK, MN - September 11th, 1989: "Ground is broken for the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen Minnesota." [E.M.] [See: http://www.eckankar.org/Temple/]
*Trivia: "The Temple of ECK is a center from which the message of the Light and Sound of God will reach many seekers. Behind the stone, mortar, wood, and glass of the ECK Temple is one purpose: to give the ECK teachings to all who want them." [Based on: Sri Harold Klemp]
1989 - Miss America / Missouri - September 16th, 1989: "Debbye Turner of Missouri was crowned Miss America at the pageant in Atlantic City, N.J."
1989 - Hurricane Hugo / Caribbean Islands - September 17th, 1989: "Hurricane Hugo slammed into several Caribbean islands, including St. Croix, which was the hardest hit."
1989 - Hurricane Hugo / Puerto Rico - September 18th, 1989: "Hurricane Hugo reached Puerto Rico, causing extensive damage as it continued to barrel toward the U.S. mainland."
1989 - Disposition / Soviet Union - September 20th, 1989: "Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev pulled off a major shake-up of the Soviet Communist Party, dropping three Politburo members."

1989 - Hurricane Hugo / South Carolinia - September 21st, 1989: "Hurricane Hugo, packing winds of up to 135 mph, crashed into Charleston, S.C."
*Trivia: "Hurricane date(s): September 16th-22nd, 1989. Number of recorded deaths: 504." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 206]
1989 - X9.8 Solar Flare - September 29th, 1989: On this date in history an X9.8 solar flare ["12th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun. [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1989 - East German Emigration - September 30th, 1989: "Thousands of East Germans who had sought refuge in West German embassies in Czechoslovakia and Poland began emigrating under an accord between Soviet bloc and NATO nations."
1989 - Resolve to Dismantle / Nuclear Bombs, South Africa - September 1989: "South Africa resolves to dismantle its six nuclear bombs." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 112]
October 1989
1989 - Homosexual Marriages / Denmark - October 1st, 1989: "In Copenhagen, Denmark, 11 homosexual couples were married. It was the first time any country allowed such marriages."
1989 - Protest / East Germany - October 2nd, 1989: "Nearly 10,000 people marched through Leipzig, East Germany, demanding legalization of opposition groups and adoption of democratic reforms in the country's largest protest since 1953."
1989 - Convicted / Jim Bakker - October 5th, 1989: "A jury in Charlotte, N.C., convicted former PTL evangelist Jim Bakker of using his television show to defraud followers.

1989 - Nobel Peace Prize / Dalai Lama - October 5th, 1989: "The Dalai Lama, the spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet, was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize."
1989 - Democratic Socialism / Hungary - October 7th, 1989: "Hungary's Communist Party renounced Marxism in favor of democratic socialism during a party congress in Budapest."
1989 - UFO / USSR - October 9th, 1989: "The official Soviet news agency Tass reported that a spaceship of some kind, complete with a trio of tall aliens, had visited a park in the city of Voronezh."
1989 - Point Loss / Dow Jones - October 13th, 1989: "The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 190 points, triggering memories of the 1987 crash."
1989 - Earthquake / San Francisco - October 17th, 1989: "The 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake [Watsonville] hit the San Francisco area minutes before the start of a World Series game there and 67 people died and 3,000 were injured. It caused $7 [$10] billion worth of damage. The Spreckel's Temple of Music in Golden Gate Park was damaged and later restored. 28,000 structures were damaged and several freeways ruined. 42 people died on the Cypress Freeway. At the train station in SF Dr. Margaret McChesney commandeered a tour bus to take frightened passengers home and navigated the driver safely through barricades of cars and gangs of marauding youths on 3rd St."
1989 - X13 Solar Flare - October 19th, 1989: "On this date in history an X13 solar flare ["7th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1989 - Balance of Power / National Assembly, Saudi Arabia - October 22nd: "The National Assembly, meeting in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia, endorses a Charter of National Reconciliation, which reduces the authority of the president by transferring executive power to the cabinet. The National Assembly now has an equal number of Christian and Muslim members instead of the previous six to five ratio."
1989 - Public Mourning / East Berlin - October 29th, 1989: "At least 20,000 East Berliners observed a minute of silence for those killed while attempting to flee over the Berlin Wall, the first such public mourning since Communist Party authorities built the wall in 1961."
1989 - Photovoltaic Cell - "Scientists at the High Technology Center of Boeing develop a stacked photovoltaic cell that converts 37 percent of solar radiation into electricity. The cell consists of two types of PV materials mounted on top of each other. The upper cell consists of gallium arsenide and captures the energy of blue light, while the second cell is made of gallium antimonide, converting red light into electricity. Scientists at Sandia National Laboratories develop a single PV cell containing silicon that converts 20.3 Percent of radiation in electricity."
November 1989
1989 - Open Border / Germany & Czechoslovakia - November 1st, 1989: "East Germany reopened its border with Czechoslovakia, prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee to the West."
1989 - Pro-Democracy Rally / East Germany - November 4th, 1989: "Up to a million East Germans filled the streets of East Berlin for a pro-democracy rally."

1989 - Open Border / East & West Germany - November 9th, 1989: "The Border separating Western from Eastern Germany was effectively opened. The following days were most unusual for the whole of Germany - considering the usual German ways, one could almost speak of anarchy: Shops stayed open as long as they wanted [the usual, mandatory closing time was 6:30pm in 1989], a GDR passport served as a free ticket for public transport, and in general there were more exceptions than rules in those days. Of course, Berlin was in the focal point of these changes. The Fall of the Berlin Wall, which will always be used as a symbol for the end of the Cold War, made the 'West' available in the middle of the 'East', resulting in widespread chaos. Later - much later - normality took hold again. Later, the bickering started, and later, there was talk of a 'wall in the heads'.'But during the November of 1989, almost everyone was overwhelmed by happiness - a national and emotional exception."
1989 - Failing Integrity / Berlin Wall - November 10th, 1989: "Workers began punching a hole in the Berlin Wall, a day after East Germany abolished its border restrictions."
1989 - Expansion / IBM & Microsoft - November 13th, 1989: "IBM and Microsoft expanded their partnership and agreed to develop software for MS-DOS, MS OS/2, and MS LAN."
1989 - Protests / Prague, Czechoslovakia - November 20th, 1989: "More than 200,000 people rallied peacefully in Prague, Czechoslovakia, demanding democratic reforms and the ouster of Communist Party leader Milos Jakes."
1989 - Assassination / Rene Mouawad - November 22nd, 1989: "Lebanese President-elect Rene Mouawad is slain [11/22/89] in car." [Based on: A.P. research, 02/15/05]
1989 - Disposition / Czechoslovakia - November 24th, 1989: "Czechoslovakia's hard-line party leadership resigned after more than a week of protests against its policies."

1989 - Alexander Dubcek / Czechoslovakia - November 25th, 1989: "More than 500,000 demonstrators gathered in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where they scoffed at a Communist Party shakeup and cheered Alexander Dubcek, the reformer ousted in 1968."
1989 - "Velvet Revolution" / Czechoslovakia - November 29th, 1989: "The Czechs ended the Communist party's 40-year monopoly on power. The revolution in Czechoslovakia was called the 'Velvet Revolution' because of the little violence."
December 1989
1989 - Natural vs. Artificial Time - "The fundamental significance of the 13:20 (natural) and 12:60 (artificial) frequencies has only been decoded quite recently as of December, 1989 AD. This discovery is the result of a specially engineered time-release prophetic mechanism that was built into the Temple of Inscriptions, the tomb of Pacal Votan. Within the tomb, there is a small hollow stone duct which travels from the tomb itself, across the sarcophagus lid, up some seventy feet along the secret stairwell, and terminates at the top platform of the pyramid. The archeologists who discovered Pacal’s Tomb did so only because they noticed a small curious looking stone tile along the inner chamber of the temple. This tile was actually a portion of the stone duct which descended into the tomb. In this way, the archeologists discovered that there must be a secret passageway into the lower part of the Pyramid. After three years of work they reached the tomb of Pacal Votan.
"The hollow stone duct is called Telektonon, which means Earth Spirit Speaking Tube or the Talking Stone of Prophecy. Thus, the discovery of Pacal’s tomb in 1952 AD fulfilled the purpose of the speaking tube. The opening of the tomb in 1952 AD occurred exactly 1260 years after it’s dedication in 692 AD. From the dedication of the tomb to the end of the cycle of thirteen baktuns, 2012 AD, is exactly 1320 years. The Telektonon prophecy of Pacal Votan essentially asserts that without replacing the Gregorian Calendar with the Thirteen Moon Calendar, the human race will forfeit its future by triggering a biospheric collapse. The Earth Spirit Speaking Tube extends all the way down into the crystal heart of Gaia Herself and allows Her to communicate directly with any individual being through synchronic alignments of various dimensions. Her voice is being heard now by all those who listen with an open heart."
1989 - Political Disposition / East Germany - December 1st, 1989: "East Germany's Parliament abolished the Communist Party's constitutional guarantee of supremacy."
1989 - Political Disposition / East Germany - December 3rd, 1989: "East German Communist leader Egon Krenz, the ruling Politburo and the party's Central Committee resigned."
1989 - School Shooting / Montreal - December 6th, 1989: "[....] Canada's worst mass shooting ... happened in Montreal. Gunman Marc Lepine killed 14 women at the Ecole Polytechnic on Dec. 6, 1989, before shooting himself." [Based on: A.P. article (Man kills one, wounds 19, then is killed), p. A9, S.L.P.D., 09/14/06]

1989 - "Operation Just Cause" / Panama - December 20th, 1989: "The United States launched Operation Just Cause, sending troops into Panama to topple the government of General Manuel Noriega. Guillermo Endara replaced Noriega. [see Dec 19] The US invasion of Panama began and ended Feb 13, 1990. It cost $182 million and left 23 US casualties with 320 wounded."
1989 - Revolt / Romania - December 22nd, 1989: "In Romania there was a revolt and miners riots. Romania's hard-line Communist ruler, Nicolae Ceausescu, was toppled in a popular uprising. Ion Ileascu and other top Communist functionaries of Ceausescu seized control. Ileascu ruled until November 1996."

1989 - Executions / Romania - December 25th, 1989: "Ousted Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, were executed following a popular uprising."
1989 - Chairman Alexander Dubcek / Czechoslovakia - December 28th, 1989: "Alexander Dubcek, former Czechoslovak Communist leader deposed in 1968 in a Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion, was named chairman of the country's parliament."
1989 - Civil War / Somali - "Somaliland fought a civil war [1989-1991] with the regime of Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre."
1989 - Occupation / Kosovo - "In 1989, the Milosevic regime in Yugoslavia made constitutional changes to consolidate power over the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. Kosovo, whose 1.9 million people are 90% Albanian, lost its autonomy and was placed under Serbian rule. The constitution passed without the approval of the parliament of Kosova. The Serbs fired most Albanians and closed many enterprises. Muslim unrest followed and Kosovo was occupied. 90% of the population of Kosovo was made up of some 2.2 million ethnic Albanians."
1989 - School Shooting / California - "In 1989, an AK-47 assault rifle was used in an assault on school children in Stockton, California."
1989 - Conviction? / O.J. Simpson - "In 1989, O.J. Simpson was convicted of battering his wife, Nicole Simpson."
1989 - Muslim Insurgency / Kashmir, India - "Jammu and Kashmir is the formal name of India's portion of Kashmir, the only Muslim-majority state in this predominantly Hindu country. Islamic militants have waged a bloody insurgency since 1989 for independence of the Himalayan territory or its merger with Pakistan. More than 65,000 people, most of them civilians, have been killed in the conflict." [A.P., 06/29/04]
1989 - Debut / AOL - "America Online [AOL] made its debut."
1989 - COBE Satellite - "A satellite name COBE [Cosmic Background Explorer] was launched. It carried extremely sensitive microwave detectors that were being used to detect the cosmic background radiation from the Big Bang."
1989 - 1st Online Campus - "The University of Phoenix enrolled 8 students in the world's first online campus [http://www.uopphx.edu/online]."
1989 - 486 Microprocessor - "Intel shipped the first 486 microprocessor, an enhanced version of the 386. It held more than 1 million transistors and included a built-in floating point unit and 8K of internal RAM."
1989 - Trivia / Air Bags, U.S.A. - "Chrysler was the first car maker to install air bags in all vehicles."
1989 - Arms Exports / China to U.S.A. - "It is estimated that Chinese military companies exported more than 3 million guns [1989-1993] to the US."
1989 - Best Selling Car / Honda Accord - "The Honda Accord was the best-selling car in the US."
1989 - Dismantled / 1st U.S. Nuclear Power Plant - "The Shippingport Atomic Power Station is decommissioned after 32 years of operations and its still radioactive main reactor is taken from Penn. to Hanford Military Reservation in Wash. This is the first US nuclear power plant to be dismantled."
1989 - Construction / U.S. Seawolf Submarines - "General Dynamics began building the Seawolf nuclear submarines. Each one cost about $2.1 billion."
1989 - Volcano Trivia / 1989 - "Number of volcanic eruptions [and, or] notable volcanic events this year: at least 1. Number of recorded deaths: 0." [E.M.]
1989 - Hurricane Trivia / 1989 - "Number of notable hurricanes this year: at least 1. Number of hurricane deaths: 504." [E.M.]
1989 - Earthquake Trivia / 1989 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1. Number of earthquake deaths: 67." [E.M.]
1989 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1989 - "Estimated number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 571." [E.M.]
1980s - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1980-1990 - "Estimated number of people who died from natural disasters this decade [1980-1990]: at least 134,362." [E.M.]
January 1990
1990 - Surrender / Manuel Noriega - January 3rd, 1990: "Ousted Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega surrendered to U.S. forces, 10 days after taking refuge in the Vatican's diplomatic mission."
1990 - Disposition / China - January 10th, 1990: "Chinese Premier Li Peng lifted Beijing's 7-month-old martial law and said that by crushing pro-democracy protests the army had saved China from 'the abyss of misery'."
1990 - Civil War / Caucasus - January 16th, 1990: "The Soviet Union sent more than 11,000 reinforcements to the Caucasus to halt a civil war between Armenians and Azerbaijanis."
1990 - 1st McDonalds / Moscow - January 31, 1990: "McDonald's Corporation opened its first fast-food restaurant in Moscow."
1990 - NDMA - "The Proprietary Association of America was formed in 1881 as the Association of Manufacturers and Dealers in Proprietary Articles. The Proprietary Association subsequently changed its name to the Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association in 1990, and then in 1999 to the Consumer Health Care Products Association in 1999." [Link: 1]
February 1990
1990 - Premier Andrei Lukanov / Bulgaria - February 3rd, 1990: "The parliament of Bulgaria elected economist Andrei Lukanov to replace a hard-line Communist as premier. Lukanov became the prime minister after rising to the number 2 spot of the Communist hierarchy under Zhivkov. He oversaw the party's formal break with Stalinism and victory in the first free elections."
1990 - Protests / Moscow - February 4th, 1990: "Cheering protesters thronged Moscow streets to demand that the Communists surrender their stranglehold on power."
1990 - Oil Spill / California - February 7th, 1990: "An 811-foot tanker, the American Trader, spilled hundreds of thousands of gallons of Alaskan crude oil off the coast of Huntington Beach, California."
1990 - Benzene Contamination / U.S. Mineral Water - February 9th, 1990: "Perrier Group of America Inc. announced it was voluntarily recalling its inventory of mineral water in the United States after tests showed the presence of benzene in a small number of bottles."

1990 - Release / Nelson Mandela - February 11th, 1990: "Nelson Mandela, leader of the African National Congress, was released after spending 27 years behind prison walls. Mandela was released by President F.W. DeKlerk, as the first step in the creation of a multi-racial democracy."
1990 - Legal Disposition / Ronald Reagan - February 22nd, 1990: "Former President Reagan's videotaped testimony for the trial of former national security adviser John Poindexter was released in Washington; in his deposition, Reagan said he never had 'any inkling' his aides were secretly arming the Nicaraguan Contras."
March 1990
1990 - Soviet Jewish Refugees / East Jerusalem - March 3rd, 1990: "President Bush sparked controversy by expressing opposition to the settlement of Soviet Jewish refugees in East Jerusalem."
1990 - Political Disposition / Soviet Republics - March 4th, 1990: "Voters in the Soviet republics of Russia, Byelorussia and the Ukraine participated in local and legislative elections, resulting in notable gains for reformists and nationalists."
1990 - Lenin Statue Removal / Romania - March 5th, 1990: "To the cheers of onlookers, workers in Bucharest, Romania, finally succeeded in removing a 25-foot, seven-ton bronze statue of Vladimir Lenin from its foundation."

1990 - Labor Disposition / Soviet Union - March 6th, 1990: "The Soviet parliament overwhelmingly approved legislation allowing people to own factories and hire workers for the first time in nearly seven decades."

1990 - Independence / Lithuania - March 11th, 1990: "The Lithuanian parliament voted to break away from the Soviet Union and restore its independence. The Supreme Council promulgated the historic document: 'On the Re-establishment of the Independent State of Lithuania.' Validity of the 1938 Constitution was briefly reinstated and the provisional Fundamental Law was adopted."

1990 - President Mikhail Gorbachev / Russia - March 14th, 1990: "The Soviet Congress elected Mikhail S. Gorbachev president of the Soviet Congress, a day after creating the post."
1990 - Free Elections / Latvia - "March 19th, 1990: Latvia's political opposition claimed victory in the republic's first free elections in 50 years, and reformers also claimed victories in crucial runoffs held in Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine."

1990 - Independence / Namibia - March 20th, 1990: "Namibia became an independent nation, marking the end of 75 years of South African rule. The South African colony gained independence after 25 years of guerrilla war. Namibians began petitioning the U.N. as early as 1947, developing political parties, most notably SWAPO [South West Africa People's Organization] to voice opposition to South African rule."
1990 - U.S. Nuclear Technology / Iraq - March 28th, 1990: "British customs officials announced they had foiled an attempt to supply Iraq with 40 American-made devices for triggering nuclear weapons, following an 18-month investigation by U.S. and British authorities."
1990s - Devalued / Swedish Crown - "In the beginning of the 1990s the bankers Salomon Brothers, which had provided the Swedish government with huge loans, demanded that the Swedish crown be devalued. The government complied." [Juri Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October 2004, p. 14]
April 1990
1990 - Convicted? / John Poindexter - April 7th, 1990: "Former national security adviser John M. Poindexter was convicted of five counts at his Iran-Contra trial. However, a federal appeals court later reversed the convictions."
1990 - Status / Biological Weapons Program, Soviet Union - April 11th, 1990: "U.S. and U.K. demand that the Soviet Union cease their biological weapons program. Gorbachev later 'officially' cancels the program."
1990 - Guilty Plea / Michael Milkin - April 14th, 1990: "Junk bond financier Michael Milkin pleaded guilty to fraud related charges, Apr. 14; agreed to pay $500 mil in restitution; sentenced Nov. 21 to 10 years in prison." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1990 - Pluto 17 Scorpio - April 15th, 1990: Pluto at 17 degrees Scorpio, R.; October 24th, D. ...
*Link: http://www.astro.com/swisseph/ae/1900/ae_1990.pdf

1990 - Hostage Release / Lebanon - April 23rd, 1990: "Freed American hostage Robert Polhill, released in Lebanon the day before, enjoyed his first full day of freedom in nearly 39 months at the U.S. Air Force hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany."
1990 - Deployment / Hubble Telescope - April 25th, 1990: "The Hubble Space Telescope was deployed from the space shuttle 'Discovery'." [Link: 1]

1990 - Hostage Release / Lebanon - April 30th, 1990: "Hostage Frank Reed was released by his captives in Lebanon, the second American freed in eight days."
1990 - Independence Coalition / Slovenia - April, 1990: "A pro-independence coalition won in Slovenia."
May 1990
1990 - Cyclones / SE India - "Cyclone date(s): May 6th-11th, 1990. Number of recorded deaths: 450." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 206]
1990 - Political Disposition / Baltic States - May 12, 1990: "The presidents of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania forged a united front by reviving a 1934 political alliance in hopes of enhancing their drive for independence from the Soviet Union."
1990 - Free Elections / Romania - May 20th, 1990: "Romania's ruling National Salvation Front scored victories in the country's first free elections in more than 50 years."
1990 - X9.3 Solar Flare - May 24th, 1990: On this date in history an X9.3 solar flare ["14th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun. [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]

1990 - Arab League Summit / Iraq - May 28th, 1990: "Iraqi President Saddam Hussein opened a two-day Arab League summit in Baghdad with a keynote address in which he said if Israel were to deploy nuclear or chemical weapons against Arabs, Iraq would respond with 'weapons of mass destruction'."
1990 - President Boris Yeltsin / Russia - May 29th, 1990: "Boris N. Yeltsin was elected president of the Russian republic in the third round of balloting by the Russian parliament. This gave him a base from which to attack Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev."

1990 - Earthquake / N. Peru - "May 30th, 1990: Earthquake location: N. Peru. Earthquake magnitude: 6.3. Number of recorded fatalities: 115." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1990 - NBC Debut / "The Seinfeld Chronicles" - Entertainment highlights during the week of May 28-June 3, 1990: " 'Seinfeld' made its debut as 'The Seinfeld Chronicles' on NBC." [Based on: A.P. article, p. A5, S.L.P.D., 05/29/06]
June 1990
1990 - Yitzhak Shamir / Israel - June 8th, 1990: "Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir announced he had succeeded in forming a new right-wing coalition government, ending a three-month-old political crisis."

1990 - Earthquake / W. Iran - "June 20th, 1990: Earthquake location: W. Iran. Earthquake magnitude: 7.7. Number of recorded fatalities: 40,000+." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1990 - Reported Flaw / Hubble Telescope - June 27th, 1990: "NASA announced that a flaw in the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope was preventing the instrument from achieving optimum focus."
July 1990
1990 - Independence / Kosovo - July, 1990: "In Albania young people demonstrated against the regime in Tirana, 5,000 citizens sought refuge in foreign embassies. Albanian delegates of the parliament of Kosova declared the independence of Kosova from Serbia. Subsequently Serbia abolished the parliament and government of Kosova, closed down the only Albanian daily, and took over the state-owned television and radio."
1990 - Group 7 Summit / Houston, Texas - July 11th, 1990: "Leaders of the so-called 'Group of Seven' nations concluded their summit in Houston by encouraging Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev to enact reforms in return for Western aid."
1990 - Resignation / Boris Yeltsin - July 12th, 1990: "Russian republic president Boris N. Yeltsin shocked the 28th congress of the Soviet Communist Party by announcing he was resigning his party membership."
1990 - Movie Release / "Ghost" - Entertainment highlights during the week of July 9th-15th, 1990: "The movie "Ghost" was released." [Based on: A.P. article, p. C2, S.L.P.D., 07/10/06]
1990 - Protests / Moscow - July 15th, 1990: "Tens of thousands of people marched in Moscow to protest the Communist Party's control of the government, the army and the KGB."
1990 - Earthquake / Luzon, Philippines - "July 16th, 1990: Earthquake location: Luzon, Philippines. Earthquake magnitude: 7.8. Number of recorded fatalities: 1,621." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1990 - Convictions Set Aside / Oliver North - July 20th, 1990: "A federal appeals court set aside Oliver North's Iran-Contra convictions, reversing one outright."

1990 - Foreign Relations / Iraq & Kuwait - July 24th, 1990: "Iraq, accusing Kuwait of conspiring to harm its economy through oil overproduction, massed tens of thousands of troops and hundreds of tanks along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border."
August 1990
1990 - Georgian Sovereignty - August, 1990: "South Ossetia, a region of north central Georgia with a population of about 100,000, declared itself sovereign. Ethnic Ossetians speak a language similar to Persian."
1990 - Incubator-Baby Deaths? / Kuwait - "The 15-year-old Kuwaiti Ambassador's teenager daughter in a televised appearance publicly declared a number of Iraqi-sponsored incubator baby deaths in Kuwait." [Based on: Video: The Great Deception]
1990 - Iraqi Invasion / Kuwait - August 2nd, 1990: "Iraq invaded Kuwait, seizing control of the oil-rich emirate. The day came to be known in Kuwait as 'Black Thursday'. 330 Kuwaitis died during the occupation and war. Sadam Hussein, leader of Iraq, took over Kuwait. G. Bush led an inter-national coalition for sanctions and a demand for withdrawal."

1990 - Operation Desert Shield - August 7th, 1990: "President Bush ordered U.S. troops and warplanes to Saudi Arabia to guard the oil-rich desert kingdom against a possible invasion by Iraq. The US Persian Gulf War began. It ended Feb 28, 1991. It cost $8.1 billion and left 383 US casualties with 458 wounded."
*Trivia: "The U.S. government's Energy Information Administration projects [from 2004] that in 20 years, the Persian Gulf will supply between one-half and two-thirds of the oil on the world market - the same percentage as before the 1973 embargo. Fifty years later, in other words, the Middle East will have regained all its old power over oil - and the U.S. government knows it. Whether or not Washington's war in Iraq was directly motivated by oil, American planners clearly hoped it would lay the groundwork for a stable, democratic Middle East - which, among other benefits, would in Washington's view put the world's oil supply in more trustworthy hands." [National Geographic Magazine, p. 108, June 2004]
*Trivia: "Osama bin Laden, before the Persian Gulf war, offered his services to the Saudi Arabian king to fight Saddam Hussein with 100,000 men in order to keep the Americans off Arabian soil but was turned down." [St. Louis Post-Dispatch article, 09/23/04, by Eva Adams, Union Mo.]
*Trivia: - "A total of 320 tons [290,300 kilograms] of DU [depleted uranium] projectiles were fired by the U.S. during the Gulf War:" [Link: 1]
*Trivia: There are two ways to determine if the use of a particular weapon in military operations is illegal. The easiest way is if the weapon is used in violation of a treaty that forbids its use and the State using it is a party to that treaty. If there is no treaty on a specific weapon, then one must determine if the use of that weapon would violate existing rules and principles of binding humanitarian (armed conflict) law. Under these rules (the "weapons test") – derived from The Hague Conventions, the Geneva Conventions, and all other sources of military law – a weapon may be banned if: (1) it has harmful effects outside the legal field of battle (the "geography" test); (2) it has harmful effects after the war is over (the "time" test); (3) its use is unduly inhuman or causes undue suffering (the "humaneness" test); or (4) it has a harmful effect on the environment (the "environment" test). The first two tests arise from the requirement that weapons may not be indiscriminate. Because there is no specific weapon treaty forbidding the use of depleted uranium, the illegality of DU must be shown by the second method.
Weaponry containing depleted uranium (DU) fails all four tests. [....]
[Based on: article by by Karen Parker, J.D. September 30, 2003 @
http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2003/Leuren-Moret-ICT13dec03.htm - bottom of page]
1990 - Foreign Relations / Iraq & Israel - August 12th, 1990: "Iraqi President Saddam Hussein sought to tie any withdrawal of his troops from Kuwait to an Israeli withdrawal from the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip."
1990 - Foreign Relations / Iraq & U.S.A. - August 19th, 1990: "Iraqi President Saddam Hussein offered to free all foreigners detained in Iraq and Kuwait provided the United States promise to withdraw its forces from Saudi Arabia and guarantee that an international economic embargo would be lifted."
1990 - Hostage Release / Lebanon - August 24th, 1990: "Irish hostage Brian Keenan was released by his captors in Lebanon after being held more than four years."
1990 - Fatality / Stevie Ray Vaughan - Entertainment highlights during the week of August 27th-September 2nd, 1990: Guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan [age 35] and three members of Eric Clapton's entourage were killed [08/27/06] in a Helicopter crash in Wisconsin. [Based on: A.P. article, p. C2, S.L.P.D., 08/28/06]
1990 - Foreign Relations / Iraq & Kuwait - August 28th, 1990: "Iraq declared occupied Kuwait the 19th province of Iraq, renamed Kuwait City Kadhima, and created a new district named after President Saddam Hussein. A puppet regime under Alaa Hussein was set up. Alaa Hussein was convicted of treason in 2000 and sentenced to death. Saddam Hussein, saying he sympathized with his foreign captives, pledged to free detained women and children."
September 1990
1990 - Foreign Relations / Iraq & Iran - September 10th, 1990: "Iran agreed to resume full diplomatic ties with onetime enemy Iraq."

1990 - Formal End / WW II - September 11th, 1990: "The four victorious allies of World War 2 and the two Germanys formally ended World War II, signing a treaty that cleared the way for a united Germany on October 3rd."
1990 - Hostile Threats / Iraq - September 23rd, 1990: "Iraq threatened to destroy Middle East oil fields and attack Israel if other nations tried to force it from Kuwait."
October 1990
1990 - Reunification / Germany - October 3rd, 1990: "West Germany and East Germany ended 45 years of postwar division, declaring the creation of a new unified country. The Berlin Wall came down."
1990 - Conflict / Israel & Palestine - October 8th, 1990: "Israeli police opened fire on rioting Palestinians on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, killing 17."
1990 - Public Unrest / Czechoslovakia - October 11th, 1990: "About 60-thousand people rallied in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in support of a government proposal to seize all Communist Party property without compensation."
1990 - Syrian Troops / Lebanon - October, 1990: "Syrian troops entered Beirut, to [ostensibly] help end the 15-year Lebanese civil war."

1990 - Civil War End / Lebanon - October 13th, 1990: "The Syrian airforce attacks the Presidential Palace at B'abda and Awn takes refuge in the French embassy. This date is regarded as the end of the civil war."
1990 - Official Opening / Temple of ECK, MN - October 22nd, 1990: "Official 'opening' of the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen Minnesota." [E.M.] [See: http://www.eckankar.org/Temple/]
*Trivia: "The Temple of ECK is a center from which the message of the Light and Sound of God will reach many seekers. Behind the stone, mortar, wood, and glass of the ECK Temple is one purpose: to give the ECK teachings to all who want them." [Based on: Sri Harold Klemp]
November 1990
1990 - Budget Bill / U.S.A. - November 5th, 1990: "Pres. Bush signed Nov. 5, a bill to reduce budget deficits $500 bil over 5 years, by spending curbs and tax hikes." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1990 - US Troop Deployments / Persian Gulf - November 8th, 1990: "President Bush ordered a new round of troop deployments in the Persian Gulf, adding up to 150-thousand soldiers to the multinational force facing off against Iraq."
1990 - Public Criticism / Judaism - November 9th, 1990: "Israeli newspaper HaAretz publishes interview in which Strugnell characterized Judaism as 'a horrible religion' & lamented the survival of Jews as a group." [Link 1]
1990 - Trivia / U.S. Clean Air Act - December 15th, 1990: "Pres. Bush Nov. 15 signed into law a strengthened version of the 1970 Clean Air Act." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1990 - Politics / Hungary - November 26th, 1990: "Hungary held a national referendum in which voters decided that the country's next president would be chosen by parliament, following free elections."
1990 - Private Religious Practice / Albania - November, 1990: "In Albania private religious practice began to be allowed."
December 1990
1990 - President Milosevic / Serbia - December, 1990: "In Serbia Milosevic won the presidency and his Socialist [formerly Communist] Party captured 194 of 250 parliamentary seats."
1990 - Updated Charter / Royal House of Stewart - "On 14 December 1990, the Brussels Registrars signed, sealed and authenticated an updated Charter of the Royal House of Stewart, detailing the complete family descent from the time of Robert the Bruce down to date." [Laurence Gardner, Bloodline Of The Holy Grail, p. 294]
1990 - Resignation / Eduard Shevardnadze - December 20th, 1990: "Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze shocked Soviet lawmakers by announcing his resignation, warning that 'dictatorship is coming'."
1990 - Slovenian Secession / Yugoslavia - December 23rd, 1990: "Slovenians voted overwhelmingly in favor of their republic's secession from Yugoslavia."
1990 - Trivia / US Census - "December 26th, 1990: "The US government reported that its 1990 census had counted a total 249 million, 632,692 people."
1990 - Weedstock / Wisconsin - "In Wisconsin the first Weedstock Festival, a pro-marijuana event, was held."
1990 - Lesbians & Gays / Russia - "In Russia the Moscow Union of Lesbians and Gays was founded."

1990 - Democratic Party / Bosnia - "In Bosnia the Serb Democratic Party was founded by Radovan Karadzic."
1990 - U.S. Sanctions / Pakistan - "President Bush imposed sanctions against Pakistan under the 1986 Pressler Amendment when he was unable to certify that Pakistan did not have a nuclear bomb. This stopped the sale of 28 F-16 airplanes to Pakistan for which $658 million was already paid to General Dynamics. Pakistan had ordered and paid for 71 F-16 fighter bombers. $157 million was returned. In 1998 New Zealand agreed to lease the planes for about $105 million and the money to be paid to Pakistan."
1990 - Trivia / Asian Students, U.S.A. - "A study [1990-1992] by the University of Michigan showed 96% of fifth graders in Japan had higher test scores in math than their American counterparts. Students of Taiwan in the 11th grade outscored American students by 86% and Japanese students scored 92% higher than the American average."
*Trivia: "The US census counted over 1.6 million Chinese Americans with 40% of them in California."
1990 - U.S. Military Buildup / Kuwait - "540,000 American troops assembled to drive Iraqi forces from Kuwait."
1990 - Controversy / Sinead O'Conner - "Sinead O'Conner banned the national anthem from her show in New Jersey. In turn, the singer was banned from any future performances at the Garden State Arts Center." [S.L.P.D.]
1990 - Trivia / U.S. Military Budget - "The US military budget was about $350 billion a year. That's about $1,400 per every man, woman and child, or $5,600 per 4 person family."
1990 - Political Demonstrations / Mongolia - "In Mongolia demonstrations against Russian rule began. The Mongolian Communist soon voted to dissolve itself."
1990 - President Jean-Bertrand Aristade / Haiti - "In Haiti the first democratic elections were held and won by Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a left-leaning former Catholic priest."
*Trivia: "Aristide became Haiti's first elected president in 1990. He was ousted in a coup, then reinstated by American forces in 1994." [A.P., 02/20/04]
*Trivia: "Jury selection began Monday [08/16/04] for a Haitian paramilitary leader [Louis-Jodel Chamblain] convicted in abstentia of killing a businessman and ordering a massacre in the early 1990s. He is facing the charges again [2004] after returning to lead a revolt [2004] against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Louis-Jodel Chamblain was a co-leader of the paramilitary Front for the Advancement and Progress of the Haitian People, a group that was blamed for the killings of about 3,000 people from 1991-1994 during the regime that followed Aristide's first ouster in 1991." [News Services, 08/17/04]
*Trivia: "When U.S. troops came to the country [Haiti] in 1994 to restore Aristide, Chamblain fled to the neighboring Dominican Republic. In 1995 he was convicted in abstentia and given two life sentences. He returned to help lead the rebellion this year [2004] that ousted Aristide for a second time and sent him into exile." [News Services, 08/17/04]
1990 - T. Rex / South Dakota - "A 50-foot female T. rex, 65 million years old, was discovered on a Cheyenne River Reservation in South Dakota by Sue Hendrickson. The government seized the skeleton in 1992 and in 1997 it was put up for auction by Sotheby's on behalf of Maurice Williams, a Sioux Indian and owner of the ranch where it was found. The proceeds will be held in trust by the government. Backers of the Chicago Field Museum of Natural History paid $8.36 million."
1990 - Trivia / Climate Control - "A leading expert on climate disputed on Tuesday [12/14/04] the U.S. government contention that cutbacks in carbon dioxide emissions are not yet warranted to check global warming. 'The science says you've got to reduce emissions,' Rajendra K. Pachauri said in an interview midway through the two-week international climate conference. [....] The 10 warmest years globally, since records were first kept in the 19th century, have all occured since 1990, the top three since 1998. Specialists here [International Climate Conference] this week [December 2004] will issue a report saying 2004 ranks as the fourth-warmest or fifth-warmest year recorded. [....]" [A.P., 12/15/04]
1990 - Gasoline Chemicals / U.S.A. - "Congress mandated that oil companies put air-cleaning chemicals into gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide and smog in the largest urban centers."
1990 - Volcanic Eruption / Honshu, Japan - "Adatara is a stratovolcano made up of three cones. These cones are basaltic to andesitic in composition. The summit of Adatara is a lava dome. Adatara has had two historical eruptions. The last eruption of Adatara was in 1990. [....]"
[Based on: http://library.thinkquest.org/16132/html/volcanoinfo/recentdisasters/adatara.html ]
1990 - Artificial Nitrogen Fertilizers / Worldwide - "In 1990, about 50 million tons of artificial nitrogen fertilizers were being used on a global scale."
1990 - Depression-Causing Antidepressants? - "Top Food and Drug Administration officials said publicly for the first time Monday [09/13/04] that scientific trials of frequently prescribed antidepressants [Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox, Celexa, Lexapro, Effexor, Wellbutrin, Serzone, and Remeron] have powerfully demonstrated that children that took the medications faced an increased risk of suicide. [....] Concerns about a possible link between the drugs and suicide were raised in the media and by some psychiatrists in 1990." [Based on: Elizabeth Shogren, Los Angeles Times, 09/14/04]
1990 - Digital TV - "A digital method for transmitting TV pictures was invented."
1990 - NTT Telescope / Chile - "The NTT [New Technology Telescope] in Chile, the pride of the European astronomical community was inaugurated. Its mirrors span 3.5 meters and is the first telescope built with active or computer assisted optics."
1990 - Human Genome Project - "The Human Genome Project began and planned to sequence all human DNA by 2005. The database did not just store sequences, but linked them with citations to enable new discoveries. James Watson served as its 1st head. His opposition to gene patents helped force him from the position in 1992."
1990 - First Browser / "WorldWideWeb" - "Berners-Lee first proposed the Web in 1989 while developing ways to control computers remotely at CERN, the European nuclear research lab near Geneva. He never got the project finally approved but his boss suggested he quietly tinker with it anyway. He fleshed out the core communication protocols needed for transmitting Web pages: the HTTP, or hypertext transfer protocol, and the so-called markup language used to create them, HTML. By Christmas day 1990, he finished the first browser, called simply WorldWideWeB.' [by Mans Hulden, A.P., 06/16/04]
1990 - Letters to Gail, Volume III - "Copyright 1990: Letters to Gail, Volume III, by Paul Twitchell [d. 1971]."
1990 - Cyclone Trivia / 1990 - "Number of notable cyclones this year: at least 1. Number of cyclone deaths: 450." [E.M.]
1990 - Volcano Trivia / 1990 - "Number of volcanic eruptions [and, or] notable volcanic events this year: at least 1. Number of recorded deaths: 0." [E.M.]
1990 - Earthquake Trivia / 1990 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 3. Number of earthquake deaths: 41,736." [E.M.]
1990 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1990 - "Estimated number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 42,307." [E.M.]
1991
1991 - Operation Desert Storm - January 17th, 1991: "In January 1991, Operation Desert Shield became Operation Desert Storm, as the allies - meaning, essentially, America and Britain - battered Iraq with hi-tech bombs and missiles. The mad, irrelevant doctrine of air superiority did not do a scrap of harm to Saddam's regime, nor did it dislodge him from Kuwait. But when the alliance finally summoned up the courage to launch a land attack, the Iraqi army ran for its life. Thousands of its soldiers were slaughtered in the sand. Inside Iraq, there were mass uprisings against the hated dictator. The allies took fright and called off the chase, for fear that the oil-rich region would be reduced to chaos. The Republican Guard crushed the rebellion, and once more Iraq was safe for Saddam to brutalise."
*Trivia: "Of the 580,000 troops who served in the 6-week 1991 Gulf War, 11,000 are now dead, and by the year 2000, 325,000 were on permanent medical disability frome multiple causes.
"Of 251 Mississippi veterans in a study group who had normal babies before, 67 percent have now had babies born with birth defects. Some researchers, both here and abroad, believe that the 320 tons of depleted uranium weapons (DU) that were dropped on Iraq and a huge saran depot that we destroyed with fallout on 100,000 of our troops, could be responsible for their horrendous statistics. Over 1500 tons of DU have been used in our latest Iraq [2003] invasion. [....] Much of Iraq's air, soil, and water is saturated with tiny cancer-causing uranium particles that when inhaled, can lead to an early death. One recent study reported that 8 out of a 20-person unit that returned from Iraq in 2003 showed classic symptoms of DU exposure.
"The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that before the Gulf War, Iraq had one of the best health systems in the entire Middle East Region. They now report that in the year 2000, Iraq had a total of 195,374 new cases of cancer and 126,677 deaths."
*Links: http://www.veteransforpeace.org
http://globalresearch.ca/articles/MOR407A.html
http://www.life.com/Life/essay/gulfwar/gulf02.html

1991 - Depleted Uranium Weapons / Iraq - "[....] The 1991 introduction of depleted uranium weapons in Iraq, the radioactive trash from the 'nuclear project', broke a 46 year taboo. These radioactive weapons, the 'Trojan Horse of Nuclear War', continued to be used over the past decade and are still being used today [2005]. [....]"
[Based on: http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2003/Leuren-Moret-ICT13dec03.htm]
*Trivia: [....] Vietnam was a chemical war for oil, permanently contaminating large regions and countries downriver with Agent Orange, and environmentally the most devastating war in world history. But since 1991, the U.S. has staged four nuclear wars using depleted uranium weaponry, which, like Agent Orange, meets the U.S. government definition of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Vast regions in the Middle East and Central Asia have been permanently contaminated with radiation. [....] The first DU weapons system was developed for the Navy in 1968, and DU weapons were given to and used by Israel in 1973 under U.S. supervision in the Yom Kippur war against the Arabs. The Phalanx weapons system, using DU, was tested on the USS Bigelow out of Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in 1977, and DU weapons have been sold by the U.S. to 29 countries. Military research report summaries detail the testing of DU from 1974-1999 at military testing grounds, bombing and gunnery ranges and at civilian labs under contract. Today 42 states are contaminated with DU from manufacture, testing and deployment. [....] A Japanese professor, Dr. K. Yagasaki, has calculated that 800 tons of DU is the atomicity equivalent of 83,000 Nagasaki bombs. The U.S. has used more DU since 1991 than the atomicity equivalent of 400,000 Nagasaki bombs. Four nuclear wars indeed, and 10 times the amount of radiation released into the atmosphere from atmospheric testing! No wonder our soldiers, their families and the people of the Middle East, Yugoslavia and Central Asia are sick. But as Henry Kissinger said after Vietnam when our soldiers came home ill from Agent Orange, 'Military men are just dumb stupid animals to be used for foreign policy.' [....]"
[Based on: http://www.sfbayview.com/081804/depleteduranium081804.shtml]
1991 - X10 Solar Flare - January 25th, 1991: On this date in history an X10 solar flare ["11th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun. [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - Earthquake / Pakistan, Afghanistan Border - "February 1st, 1991: Earthquake location: Pakistan, Afghanistan Border. Earthquake magnitude: 6.8. Number of recorded fatalities: 1,200." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1991 - Trivia / Gulf War End - February 27th, 1991: "The Gulf War ends."
*Trivia: "Kuwait spent $128 million to remove two million landmines after the Gulf War." [Link: 1]
*Trivia: "On the 'Highway of Death,' 11 miles north of the Kuwait border, a collection of tanks, armored personnel carriers and other military vehicles are rusting in the desert. They also are radiating nuclear energy. In 1991, the United States and its Persian Gulf War allies blasted the vehicles with armor-piercing shells made of depleted uranium - the first time such weapons had been used in warfare - as the Iraqis retreated from Kuwait. The devastating results gave the highway its name." [Link: 1]
*Trivia: "Researchers have found that veterans of the 1991 Gulf War are more likely to suffer from chronic symptoms, including memory and thinking problems, debilitating fatigue, severe muscle and joint pain, depression and rashes. But the cause has proved elusive. Theories include stress, bacterial infection, chemical or biological weapons, pollutants from burning oil fields, depleted-uranium munitions, and vaccinations for anthrax and other potential biological weapons." [News Services, 07/20/2004]
*Trivia: "Veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War exposed to pollution from oil well fires, exhausts and other sources may face an increased risk of lung cancer, a government advisory group reported Monday [12/20/04]. [....]" [News Services]
1991 - U.S. Military Women / Gulf War - 1991: "More than 40,000 women serve in the war zone. Fifteen are killed, and two are taken prisoner." [Based on: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A10, 07/10/05]
1991 - Trivia / "Dances With Wolves" - March, 1991: "Entertainment highlights during the week of March 20th - 26th: " 'Dances With Wolves' won seven Academy Awards, including a best-director Oscar for Kevin Costner." [Based on: A.P., 03/21/05]
1991 - X9.4 Solar Flare - March 22nd, 1991: On this date in history an X9.4 solar flare ["13th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun. [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - Significant Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) - March 24th, 1991: "[....] On March 24, 1991 a significant CME traveling at 5 times the speed of the solar wind struck the magnetosphere. The data from space probe Ulysses suggested the boundary was within 4 RE of the Earth's center, and that the impact also created a second shock wave inside the cavity, spreading throughout the magnetosphere.
"The research spacecraft CRRES, operated by the US Air Force was at that instant deep inside the radiation belt, at a distance of 2.55 RE. The first thing CRRES saw was a torrent of highly energetic protons and electrons. The protons had energies above 20 Mev, twenty million electron volts, some 20,000 times the energy of the average proton in the solar wind. The passage of the shock also left Earth with a new long-lived belt of high-energy protons [....]. [Based on: article @: http://presys.com/~ekklesia/cme.htm]
1991 - "Space Storm" - March 1991: "[....] Great magnetic storms are awesome disturbances in the near-Earth space environment that occur relatively rarely. The last five occurred in February 1986, March 1989, March 1991, November 1991 and May 1992. [....]"
[Based on: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/spaceweather/blackout.html]
1991 - Trivia / Rioactive Waste, Columbia River, U.S.A. - March 28th, 1991: "[....] According to the EPA (The New York Times, March 28, 1991), the engineers who built the nuclear weapons in the 1950's dumped over 127 million gallons of highly radioactive waste containing Iodine-129, into the ground just a few miles from the Columbia River, the 4th largest river system in the U.S., which flows into the Pacific Ocean. [....]"
[Based on: http://www.rense.com/general39/another.htm]
1991 - Katie Couric / The "Today" Show - Entertainment highlights during the week of March 30th-April 5th, 1991: Katie Couric started her first day on the job as co-host on NBC's "Today" show. [Based on: A.P. article (THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS), p. E2, S.L.P.D., 04/01/08]
1991 - Record Close? / D.J.I.A. - April 17th, 1991: "An 8-month recession shows signs of having ended in Mar. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed above 3000 for the first time, Apr. 17." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1991 - Cyclone / Bangladesh - "Cyclone date(s): April 30th, 1991. Number of recorded deaths: 139,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 206]
1991 - X12 Solar Flare - June 1st, 1991: "On this date in history an X12 solar flare ["9th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - X12 Solar Flare - June 4th, 1991: "On this date in history an X12 solar flare ["9th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - X12 Solar Flare - June 6th, 1991: "On this date in history an X12 solar flare ["9th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - X10 Solar Flare - June 9th, 1991: On this date in history an X10 solar flare ["11th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun. [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - X12 Solar Flare - June 11th, 1991: "On this date in history an X12 solar flare ["9th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - X12 Solar Flare - June 15th, 1991: "On this date in history an X12 solar flare ["9th-largest solar flare" recorded since 1976] blasted from the Sun." [Based on: http://spaceweather.com/solarflares/topflares.html] - [T.D. 12/12/06]
1991 - Volcanic Eruption / Mt. Pinatubo, Luzon, Philippines - "Eruption date(s): June 15th, 1991. Number of recorded deaths: 800." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 491]
1991 - Independence / Slovenia - June 25th, 1991: "Slovenia [Independence: 06/25/1991] and Macedonia [Independence: 09/18/1991] broke away from Yugoslavia. Milosevic sent tanks into Slovenia. He withdrew them after the European Union mediated a truce." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05] - [Brackets data added by E.M.]
*Links: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1991 - Independence / Croatia - June 25th, 1991: "In Croatia, Milosevic backed Serbs in a fight against Croats who wanted independence. 10,000 people were killed. A U.N. patrolled cease-fire ended the war. Croatia gained its independence." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05] - [Brackets data added by E.M.]
*Links: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1991 - Dissolution / Warsaw Pact - July 1st, 1991: "With European communism in tatters, the Warsaw pact dissolves." [Sources: NATO, The Associated Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]
1991 - Signed / START I Treaty - July 31st, 1991: "President George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START 1), calling for the removal of about half their strategic nuclear warheads." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 112]
1991 - Gorbachev Disposition - "In August 1991 the Soviet president, Mikhail Gorbachev, was toppled by a chaotic communist palace coup. He was restored only by the grace of Yeltsin, who had clambered on to an armoured personnel carrier outside the Russian parliament building to yell his defiance at the plotters. By the end of the year, the Communist Party was suppressed, Gorbachev was in political oblivion, and the USSR was replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States."
1991 - Independence / Macedonia - September 18th, 1991: "Slovenia [Independence: 06/25/1991] and Macedonia [Independence: 09/18/1991] broke away from Yugoslavia. Milosevic sent tanks into Slovenia. He withdrew them after the European Union mediated a truce." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05] - [Brackets data added by E.M.]
*Links: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1991 - "Smells Like Teen Spirit" / Nirvana - September 29th, 1991: "Nirvana produced an MTV video for the grunge song "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
1991 - 1st Casino / St. Louis Area - "Argosy Gaming opens the first casino in the St. Louis area. The Alton Belle offers gambling cruises on the Mississippi River from its dock in Alton [Il.]." [St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. C1, 12/31/04]
1991 - Ordered Closed / U.S. House Bank - October 3rd, 1991: "U.S. House bank ordered closed Oct. 3 after revelations that house members had written 8,331 bad checks." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1991 - Supreme Court Justice / Clarence Thomas - October 15th, 1991: "The Senate approved, Oct. 15, nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court, despite allegations of sexual harassment against him by Anita Hill, a former aide. He became the 2nd African-American to serve on the Court, replacing retiring Justice Thurgood Marshall, the 1st black." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1991 - Earthquake / N. India - "October 19th, 1991: Earthquake location: N. India. Earthquake magnitude: 7.0. Number of recorded fatalities: 2,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1991 - Independence? / Kosovo - October 19th, 1991: "Kosovo declares its independence from Yugoslavia (Republic of Kosovo [Albanian: Kosovoa), not recognized."
1991 - Access / Dead Sea Scrolls - October 22nd, 1991: "Israeli department of Antiquities announces that it will grant access to official photos of the scrolls to scholars who agree not to publish their findings." [Link: 1]
1991 - Tropical Storm / Philippines - "November 5th, 1991: Number of recorded fatalities: 7,000+." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 206]
1991 - Publication / Dead Sea Scrolls - November 20th, 1991: "Shanks publishes Eisenman's photos in A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, co-edited by James M. Robinson." [Link 1]
1991 - Fatality / Freddie Mercury - November 24th, 1991: "Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen, died of Aids."
1991 - Public Access / Dead Sea Scrolls - November 25th, 1991: "At annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in Kansas City Mo., scroll project director, E. Tov, announces lifting of all publication restrictions, allowing any scholar to examine the official scroll photos & publish whatever was discovered. - SBL passes resolution affirming the right of all scholars to have access to facsimile reproductions of all ancient manuscripts without any publication restrictions."
1991 - "Space Storm" - November 1991: "[....] Great magnetic storms are awesome disturbances in the near-Earth space environment that occur relatively rarely. The last five occurred in February 1986, March 1989, March 1991, November 1991 and May 1992. [....]"
[Based on: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/spaceweather/blackout.html]
1991 - "Commonwealth of Independant States" - "On December 21 representatives of 11 former Soviet Republics met in Alma Ata and signed the founding 'Declaration of the Commonwealth of Independant States' - a loose confederation of the former Republics. Four days later, Gorbachev announced his resignation and the Soviet Union ceased to exist."
1991 - Dissolution / Soviet Union - December 25th, 1991: "The Soviet Union ceases to exist." [Sources: NATO, The Associated Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]

1991 - Trivia / Muslim Republics - "In December 1991, the USSR collapsed. This changed all kinds of alignments on a world scale. Thousands of war-hardened Islamist fighters were spreading out from Afghanistan throughout the Muslim world. Some 4,000 of them settled in the Saudi cities of Mecca and Medina alone. Chossudovsky writes: 'The CIA continued to support the Islamic 'jihad' out of Pakistan. New undercover initiatives were set in motion in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Balkans. Pakistan's military and intelligence apparatus essentially 'served as a catalyst for the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the emergence of six new Muslim republics in Central Asia.' At the same time, these Islamist veterans of the Afghan war also came into intense conflict with pro-U.S. governments - and with larger U.S. interests - over the Persian Gulf war. A key turning point was when the U.S. brought 540,000 troops into the Persian Gulf in 1991 to attack Iraq's armed forces." [Link: 1]
1991 - Publication / Dead Sea Scrolls - "In December 1991, a two-volume edition of scroll photographs was published. This facsimile edition was issued by the Biblical Archaeology Society, an American group headed by Hershel Shanks."
1991 - Trivia / Mad Cow Disease - December 1991: "The USDA bans at-risk by-products of ruminant origin from countries known to have BSE." [Based on: St. Petersburg Times, 03/12/01]
1991 - Weapons Programs? / Iraq - "The United nations ordered Iraq to stop its biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons programs. When the United Nations sent in a special commission to inspect the progress of the order, Iraq caused continuous interruptions and obstacles."
*Trivia: "Contradicting the main argument for a war that has cost more than 1,000 American lives, the top U.S. arms inspector [Charles Duelfer] said Wednesday [10/06/04] he found no evidence that Iraq produced weapons of mass destruction after 1991. [....] Contrary to prewar statements by President George W. Bush [2003], Saddam did not have chemical and biological stockpiles when the war began and his nuclear capabilities were deteriorating, not advancing, Duelfar said." [Based on: Ken Guggenheim, A.P., 10/07/04]
1991 - Rebel War / Sierra Leone - "Survivors this week [July 2004] and last have started telling their accounts of one of Africa's most heartless wars: a 1991-2002 campaign by rebels who killed, raped, kidnapped and hacked to pieces hundreds of thousands of civilians in hopes of terrorizing Sierra Leone into ceding control of its government and diamond fields." [A.P., 07/22/04]
1991 - Independence / Chechnya - "In 1991, Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev declared region's independence." [A.P.]
1991 - Military Dictatorship / Haiti - "During Haiti's military dictatorship from 1991 to 1994, more than 65,000 Haitians were intercepted at sea by the Coast Guard, and most were sent back home, including many who were initially taken to the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba." [A.P., 02/20/04]
*Trivia: "Louis-Jodel Chamblain was a co-leader of the paramilitary Front for the Advancement and Progress of the Haitian People, a group that was blamed for the killings of about 3,000 people from 1991-1994 during the regime that followed Aristide's first ouster in 1991." [News Services, 08/17/04]
*Trivia: "When U.S. troops came to the country [Haiti] in 1994 to restore Aristide, Chamblain fled to the neighboring Dominican Republic. In 1995 he was convicted in abstentia and given two life sentences. He returned to help lead the rebellion this year [2004] that ousted Aristide for a second time and sent him into exile." [News Services, 08/17/04]
1991 - Fatality / Rajiv Gandhi, India - "Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister, headed India from 1947 until his death in 1964. He was followed later by his daughter, Indira Gandhi, whose often iron-fisted rule defined two decades of Indian life. Indira was murdered by her own bodyguards in 1984, and her son, Rajiv Gandhi, an airline pilot, reluctantly stepped up. Riding a wave of sympathy, he easily won the next election. But he lost the prime minister's post in 1989 and was assassinated two years later while campaigning." [A.P., 05/14/04]
1991 - Anthrax Testing / U.S.A. - "The Army is planning [2004] to expand the nation's leading biological and chemical defense testing site in Utah's remote western desert to make it a training ground for counterterrorism operations. [....] In 1991, Dugway began anthrax testing, eventually testing several deadly germs to find a way to detect biological agents in times of war. Dugway now stores the pathogens in a secure laboratory." [News Services, 10/17/04]
1991 - The New World Order - "[....] But when the Wise Use allies hooked up with Pat Robertson's Christian Coalition, they hit a home run. Robertson's special contribution to right-wing theology was to substitute environmentalists for communists as the new threat to democracy and Christianity. In his 1991 best-seller, The New World Order, he vilifies the federal government as an alien nation waging war on the family and disarming America through gun control laws. Environmentialists are the evil priests of a new paganism that will become the official state religion of the New World Order. [....]" [Robert F. Kennedt Jr., Crimes Against Nature, p. 28]
1991 - Cost of Mailing a Letter? / U.S.A. - "Cost of stamp for mailing a letter in U.S.A.: 29 cents." [Based on: S.L.P.D. article (Cost of mailing a letter will jump to 39 cents next week [January 2006]), p. C1, S.L.P.D., 01/03/06]
1991 - Notable Albums of 1991 - "Metallica" (Metallica); "Nevermind" (Nirvana); "Ten" (Pearl Jam); "Blood Sugar Sex Magik" (Red Hot Chilli Peppers); "Achtung Baby" (U2)
1991 - Volcano Trivia / 1991 - "Number of volcanic eruptions [and, or] notable volcanic events this year: at least 1. Number of recorded deaths: 800." [E.M.]
1991 - Cyclone Trivia / 1991 - "Number of notable cyclones this year: at least 1. Number of cyclone deaths: 139,000." [E.M.]
1991 - Tropical Storm Trivia / 1991 - "Number of notable tropical storms this year: at least 1. Number of deaths: 7,000+." [E.M.]
1991 - Earthquake Trivia / 1991 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 2. Number of earthquake deaths: 3,200." [E.M.]
1991 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1991 - "Estimated number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 150,000." [E.M.]
1992
1992 - Katun 19:13 AHAU - 1992-2012: "END OF 10-KATUN, LUNAR-GALACTIC EXHALATION CYCLE - COMMENCEMENT OF SOLAR INHALATION CYCLE / Katun 19:13 AHAU. Galactic Activation Planetary Ruler: Solar Pluto - Stage 12. LAMAT Cycle. Harmonic Index: 1864800. A.D. 1992-2012. Morphogenetic Pattern Completes Self-Transformation. [....]" [Based on: The Mayan Factor, by Jose Arguelles (Copyright 1987), p. 145]
1992 - Mayan Calendar / Final Phase - "The Mayas believed, as did the Assyrians and other ancient peoples, that time was a way of measuring the soul of the Universe. The universe breathed in and breathed out. Life was created, destroyed, created anew. One cycle of 'inhalation and exhalation' was called a 'Great Cycle.' The last Mayan 'Great Cycle,' 4 Ahau 8 Camku, began on August 13th, 3113 B.C. 4 Ahau Cambku is currently in a final phase called 'Katun 19, 13 Ahau,' which begun in 1992 and ends, with a prophecy of world destruction, on December 23, 2012."
1992 - Commonwealth of Independent States - January 1st, 1992: "Yeltsin invited the fifteen former Soviet republics to join Russia in creating a Commonwealth of Independent States [CIS] modeled after the America's 'states' system. Each republic would be completely independent, but would merge in economical and social matters. Eleven of them agreed as of January 1, 1992."
1992 - Bankruptcy / R.H. Macy & Co. - January 27th, 1992: "Retail giant R.H. Macy & Co. filed for bankruptcy, Jan. 27." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1992 - Bankruptcy / Trans World Airlines - January 31st, 1992: "Trans World Airlines, Jan. 31, became the latest major U.S. carrier to file for bankruptcy." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1992 - Independence / Bosnia - February 29th, 1992: "A conflict among Croats, Muslims and Milosevic-backed Bosnian Serbs broke out. 200,000 people [1992-1995] were killed. A peace agreement was signed, halting the ethnic strife. Bosnia gained its independence." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05]
*Links: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
*Trivia: "The tidal wave of post-communist change in Europe had smashed the artificial federation of Yugoslavia into its constituent parts. But the boundaries of the new nations were as capricious as the nationalities they contained. Each of the new republics contained an explosive mix of rival ethnic groups; none more so than Bosnia. The horrible civil war which exploded there in the spring of 1992 reflected the Serb irredentist ambition of Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic, and the hopelessly irreconcilable ambitions of three mingled communities: Serbs, Croats, and Muslims. As Nato fumbled and dithered on the sidelines, the Bosnian conflict degenerated into savagery, symbolised by the mindless destruction of the Stari Most bridge in Mostar, and a grim new shorthand phrase in the lexicon of barbarism: ethnic cleansing."
*Trivia: "U.N and local forensic experts have exumed 16,500 bodies from more than 300 mass graves found since the end [1995] of the Bosnian war, in which about 250,000 people were killed and 1.8 million driven from their homes. More than 20,000 people remain missing since the war." [Based on: A.P. article, 08/10/04]
*Trivia: "[....] The 1948 U.N. document establishing genocide as a crime - the United States did not ratify it until 1988 - defines it as policies and certain acts of violence 'committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group....' [....] The Commission of Experts report found that the number of Muslims in the Prijedor district - who were all but indistinguishable from their non-Muslim neighbors and represented about half the total population - fell from 49,454 in 1991 to 6,124 in 1993. The Bosnian Serb forces that seized power in Prijedor in 1992 pursued policies of forced expulsions of Muslims (called 'ethnic cleansing'); their imprisonment of Muslims in camps where they were beaten, raped, tortured and starved; and the outright murder of educated and influential Muslim individuals and groups of men women and children. [....]" [Based on: Other Views page article (A brotherhood of suffering / Holocaust Museum gives voice to Muslim victims of genocide) by Eric Mink, S.L.P.D., 01/09/08]
1992 - Examples of Genocide / Bosnia - 1992-1995 "200,000 Bosnians killed." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A12, 06/26/05]
1992 - Earthquake / E. Turkey - "March 13 & 15, 1992: Earthquake location: E. Turkey. Earthquake magnitude: 6.2 & 6.0. Number of recorded fatalities: 4,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1992 - Race Riots / Los Angeles - April, 1992: "There was an explosion of race rioting in Los Angeles, in the wake of the acquittal of four white policeman, videotaped as they beat the hell out of a black man, Rodney King. In two days of savage violence 58 people died."
1992 - Fatality / Isaac Asimov - April 6th, 1992: "Reportedly died this date in history: Author, Isaac Asimov [b.1920]. Asimov wrote more than 500 books during his time."
1992 - Ratification / 27th U.S. Amendment - May 7th, 1992: "27th U.S. Constitutional amendment ['Congressional pay increases'] ratified." [Link: 1]
1992 - Fatality / Sam Kinison - March, 1989: Entertainment highlights during the week of April 8th-14th: Comedian Sam Kinison was killed when a pickup truck hit his car on a California highway. The 17-year-old driver was arrested." [Based on: A.P. article (That Was The Week That Was), S.L.P.D., p. D3, 04/09/07]
1992 - "Space Storm" - May 1992: "[....] Great magnetic storms are awesome disturbances in the near-Earth space environment that occur relatively rarely. The last five occurred in February 1986, March 1989, March 1991, November 1991 and May 1992. [....]"
[Based on: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/spaceweather/blackout.html]
1992 - Married / Paul Simon & Edie Brickell - Entertainment highlights during the week of May 28-June 3, 1992: "Singer Paul Simon married singer Edie Brickell." [Based on: A.P. article, p. A5, S.L.P.D., 05/29/06]
1992 - Earthquake / S. California - "June 28th, 1992: Earthquake location: S. California. Earthquake magnitude: 7.5 & 6.6. Number of recorded fatalities: 1." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1992 - Summer Olympic Games / Barcelona, Spain - July 25th, 1992: "In 1992, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Barcelona, Spain. In 1992, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Albertville, France."
1992 - Married / Sting - August 1992: "Entertainment highlights during the week of August 14th-20th, 1985: "Sting married longtime girlfriend Trudie Styler in a civil ceremony in London." [Based on: A.P., 08/15/05]
1992 - Land Swap / VST & U.S. Gov't - August 24th, 1992: "The Church of Spiritual Technology (CST), which had been set up by a former Assistant to the Commissioner if IRS, Meade Emory, to control all of L. Ron Hubbard's works, makes a land swap with the U.S. government, giving the federal government one of the vaults it has constructed—the Trementina Base in New Mexico, and all the developments on it—in exchange for a like-sized but much cheaper piece of public and undeveloped land nearby. There is no accounting for the contents of the vault traded to the U.S. government. [NOTE: See Trementina Base for full coverage.]"
[Based on: ttp://www.sc-i-r-s-ology.pair.com/rvtimeline/index.html] - [T.D. 09/13/08]
1992 - Hurricane Andrew / Florida - August 24th, 1992: "Hurricane Andrew was the most destructive United States hurricane of record. It blasted its way across south Florida on August 24, 1992. NOAA's National Hurricane Center had a peak gust of 164 mph—measured 130 feet above the ground—while a 177 mph gust was measured at a private home. Andrew caused 23 deaths in the United States and three more in the Bahamas. The hurricane caused $26.5 billion in damage in the United States, of which $1 billion occurred in Louisiana and the rest in south Florida. The vast majority of the damage in Florida was due to the winds."
*Trivia: "Hurricane date(s): August 24th-26th, 1992. Hurricane location: Southern Florida & Louisianna. Number of recorded deaths: 58." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 206]
1992 - Surrender / Randy Weaver, Idaho - August 31st, 1992: "White supremacist and fugative Randall Weaver surrendered Aug. 31 after an 11-day FBI seige at his Ruby Ridge, ID, cabin, during which his wife and son and a deputy sheriff were killed in exchanges of gunfire." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1992 - Earthquake / SW Nicaragua - "September 1st, 1992: Earthquake location: SW Nicaragua. Earthquake magnitude: 7.0. Number of recorded fatalities: 116." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1992 - Underground Nuclear Test / U.S.A. - September 23rd, 1992: "The U.S. conducts its last underground nuclear test." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 113]
1992 - Launch / Mars Observer - September 25th, 1992: "Mars Observer launched." [Link: 1]
1992 - Earthquake / Cairo, Egypt - "October 12th, 1992: Earthquake location: Cairo, Egypt. Earthquake magnitude: 5.9. Number of recorded fatalities: 450." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]
1992 - Publication / Dead Sea Scrolls - November, 1992: "Eisenman & Wise publish The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered containing transcriptions & translations of 50 scrolls."
1992 - X9 Solar Flare - N