Historical Timeline

Calendar Months

   In some places multiple entries occur for a particular year, but not necessarily in chronological order [by month].

1890-1944 A.D.

1890 - European Domination - "In this period [1890-1900], Europe reached the peak of its power. Four centuries earlier, it had been a materially backward region, not to be compared in wealth and culture with the great empires of Asia. It had been at the mercy of Asian invaders, prostrate before the Mongols in the thirteenth century, and unable to fend off the Ottoman Turks in the sixteenth century.
   "Yet by 1890, the American continents, Australia, and New Zealand were ruled by the descendants of Europeans. Virtually all of Africa and the Pacific islands have been carved up and placed under European domination. In Asia, large tracts such as Siberia and India were under the direct control of Europeans, while independant nations such as the Ottoman Empire, Persia, Afghanistan, Siam, and China were under continual and increasing European pressure and interference. In all the world, the only nation that seemed to be at once non-European and strong was Japan, and that was at the price of adopting much European technology and culture." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 438] 

1890 - Most Influential Nation / Great Britain - "Of all the European powers, Great Britain, on a world-wide scale, was predominant. The British empire included roughly a quarter of the land area of the world, and roughly a quarter of its population as well. Its strong economy and its strong navy made it the most influential nation in the world, and much of that part of the world that it did not own outright, nevertheless, remained under economic subjection to it." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 438]

1890 - Strong Earthquake / Corralitos, California - April 24th, 1890: "Earthquake location: Corralitos, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.3. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1890 - Motion Picture - May 22nd, 1890: "Thomas Edison shows a short 'motion picture' to a group in his workshop."

1890 - Idaho - July 3rd, 1890: "The 43rd American state."

1890 - Wyoming - July 10th, 1890: "The 44th American state."

1890 - German Helgoland - "On July 11, 1890, Britain had given Germany the tiny island of Helgoland just off the northwest German coast in return for Germany giving up certain of its claims in East Africa. The East African territory would have meant little to Germany but it built up Helgoland into a first-class naval base, and apparently the British didn't forsesee this." [Based on: Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 442]

1890 - 1st Electric Chair Execution - August 6th, 1890: "William Kemmler, a convicted murderer, is the first man to be executed in the electric chair."

1890 - Polygamy Ban / U.S.A. - September 25th, 1890: "The Mormon church bans polygamy."

1890 - Sequoia National Park - September 25th, 1890: "Sequoia National Park, California, established."

1890 - Yosemite National Park - October 1st, 1890: "Yosemite National Park, California, established."

1890 - Sioux Massacre / Wounded Knee - December 29th, 1890: "In a major battle at Wounded Knee, U.S. troops massacre 350 Sioux Indians who were en route to a Ghost Dance celebration. The Battle of Wounded Knee becomes symbolic to Indian people."

1980 - Birth / Benjamin H. Freedman - "Benjamin H. Freedman was one of the most intriguing and amazing individuals of the 20th century. Mr. Freedman, born in 1890, was a successful Jewish businessman of New York City who was at one time the principal owner of the Woodbury Soap Company.
   "He broke with organized Jewry after the Judeo-Communist victory of 1945, and spent the remainder of his life and the great preponderance of his considerable fortune, at least 2.5 million dollars, exposing the Jewish tyranny which has enveloped the United States."  

1890 - 1st Cracker Jack - "First box of Cracker Jack produced."

1890 - The Golden Bough - "In nonfiction, James George Frazer (1854-1941) wrote The Golden Bough, published in two volumes in 1890, and greatly expanded later, which was a study of ancient myths and rites that were darker and more primitive than the Greek myths." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 441] 

1890 - Earthquake Trivia / 1890 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1891

1891 - Configuration - "Neptune-Pluto [7-8 Gemini] conjunction [1891-1892]. Neptune-Pluto cycles last about 495 years - half a millennium. The movements of Pluto, in history, seem to chart the actual mechanics of fundamental factual change. Pluto's keyword, 'transformation', has 'form' in the middle of it. The movements of Neptune chart evolving social imagery and perceptual constructs - ideas, beliefs and contexts of understanding. When event-fundamentals and beliefs-perceptions interact, we get the basic undertow of history and its themes. Thus, in Neptune-Pluto cycles, we see a basic driving-force which moves and drives historic tendencies and trends. What humans do with this is what makes our world." [Link: 1]

*Link: http://www.astro.com/swisseph/ae/1800/ae_1891.pdf

*Trivia: "According to the Pythagorean/NeoPlatonic Greeks and Egyptians, with each Cycle culmination and for a hundred years on either side of it, it was prophesied that an influx of special souls would be incarnating - variously called savants, masters, teachers, messiahs, avatars, and bodhisattvas by different traditions - whose chosen work was to raise overall planetary consciousness. Right on schedule, the 20th century, which marks the beginning of a new Phoenix Cycle [1,900-2,100], has already seen the advent of numerous great minds and spirits. As we approach the peak year of 2,000 in the present cycle, many more are prophesied to arrive." [Link: 1]

1891 - Founded / Radha Soami Satsang Beas - 1891:

   Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) was founded by Baba Jaimal Singh Ji Maharaj in 1891 at a site called Dera Baba Jaimal Singh on the West bank of the River Beas in the Punjab of Northern India. [1] Jaimal Singh was one of six people who over a period of about nine years came to be regarded as spiritual successors of Shiv Dayal Singh, the first Satguru of “Radhasoami Faith,” often referred to as Sant Mat, a movement of Surat Shabd Yoga, which includes esoteric teaching about the Shabd. A chart of this RSSB lineage and the five other successor lineages helps show the connections among many of the Sant Mat guru lines and branches. [2] The RSSB lineage of spiritual leaders with the dates of their births, deaths, and tenures is as follows:

Baba Jaimal Singh (1839 – 1903): 1891 – 1903

Baba Sawan Singh (1858 – 1948): 1903 – 1948

Sardar Bahadur Jagat Singh (1884 – 1951): 1948 – 1951

Maharaj Ji Charan Singh (1902 – 1990): 1951 – 1990

Baba Gurinder Singh (1954 – ): 1990 – Present

Adherents worldwide number in the neighborhood of 2,000,000 people.

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radha_Soami_Satsang_Beas]

1891 - U.S. Copyright Act - March 4th, 1891: "U.S. Congress adopts the International Copyright Act."

1891 - Foreign Relations / Russia & France - July 24th, 1891: "Once Russia had been ousted, against its will, from the German alliance, it became possible for France to consider the possibility of substituting for Germany. France had already been investing money in the industrialization of Russia, and that was a beginning. On July 24, 1891, a squadron of French ships visited St. Petersburg, just three weeks after William II of Germany visited London. The French, however, managed things better. They made a big parade of Franco-Russian friendship, and Alexander III of Russia, that apostle of reaction, actually listened to a French band play the 'Marseillaise,' the hymn of revolution." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447] 

1891 - Major Earthquake / Japan - October 27th, 1891: "Earthquake location: Mino-Owari, Japan. Earthquake magnitude: 8. Number of recorded fatalities: 7,273."  

1891 - Basketball - December 1891: "Basketball invented by James Naismith for the Y.M.C.A."

1891 - Egypt Exploration Fund - "Since we are primarily concerned with ancient history at this stage, let us consider the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Egypt Exploration Fund, first established in Britain in 1891 to expedite archaeological digs in Egypt. In this document it is expressly stated that the Fund's objective is to facilitate surveys and excavations 'for the purpose of elucidating or illustrating the Bible narrative'. In other words, if something is found which supports, or can be said to support, the Old or New Testaments then we, the public, will be informed. Anything which does not support the scriptures will be designated 'myth'. When unearthed fossils began to overturn the six-day creation story in Victorian times, the zoologist Philip Gosse actually went so far as to say that God had purposely inserted fossils into the rocks to test and try the Christian faith!" [Laurence Gardner, Genesis of the Grail Kings, pp. 76-77] 

1891 - End Feud / "Hatfields & McCoys" - "The 'Hatfield & McCoy' feud ended."

1891 - Leasing by Whites / Native American Indian Lands - "Provisions are made for the leasing by whites of allotted Indian lands."

1891 - Escalator - "Jesse W. Reno invented the escalator."

1891 - Patent / Kinetoscope - "Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope or first movie machine."

1891 - 1st Practical Glider / Germany - "Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896) was the first to build practical gliders capable of keeping a man in flight for an extended period. He flew his first glider in 1891, and gliding became a daredevil sport in the 1890s, as ballooning had been in the 1790s. This continued even though Lilienthal himself died after a glider crash in 1896." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443]  

1891 - Earthquake Trivia / 1891 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1. Number of earthquake deaths: 7,273." [E.M.]

1892

1892 - Panama Canal Lottery Scandal / France - "Corruption, which is endemic in all societies, errupted explosively in connection with the projected building of a Panama Canal. This was to be under the leadership of Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had successfully built the Suez Canal. De Lesseps was the president of the Panama Company, and what the company needed was capital. They set up a stock lottery that raised 1.5 billion francs from those who bought chances and were rewarded with stock that they expected would make them rich, rich, rich. It was the Mississippi Bubble of nearly two centuries earlier and it ended precisely the same way. The money raised by the lottery was frittered away by mismanagement and through being misappropriated by scoundrels. In the end, the whole thing collapsed, and the money invested disappeared. By 1892, the continuing uproar over this had forced the government to take legal action against any crimes that might have been committed, and it quickly became apparent that the Panama Company had bribed legislators liberally to allow the lottery to take place and to look the other way as it was mishandled. It was made all the worse because it became apparent that the government had done its best to coverup and whitewash the corruption. Some of the principal money-handlers were Jewish bankers, which helped exacerbate French anti-Semitism." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, pp. 445-446]

1892 - Opening / Ellis Island, New York - February 14th, 1892: "Ellis Island, in New York, opens as immigration center."

1892 - Communicating With "Martials"? - "The April 13, 1892 edition of the newspaper Spectator carried an article entitled, Telegraphing to Mars with solar signals. This was one of the first articles  that dealt with the language difficulties involved in communicating with the martials, (Martials was 19th century slang for Martians)." [Tim Swartz, The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, p. 39]

1892 - Strong Earthquake / Vacaville, California - April 19th, 1892: "Earthquake location: Vacaville, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.4. Number of recorded fatalities: 1."  

1892 - Strong Earthquake / Winters, California - April 21st, 1892: "Earthquake location: Winters, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.4. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1892 - Crash / U.S. Stock Market - June 27th, 1892: "The New York Stock Exchange crashes."

1892 - 1st Gloves Boxing Match - September 7th, 1892: "First boxing match in which contestants wore gloves [James Corbett v. John L. Sullivan]."

1892 - U.S. Pledge of Allegiance - "Francis Bellamy, who was active in the Christian Socialist movement, penned the pledge [in 1892], without referring to the deity. His original text: I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." [Source Document: The New York Times, October 2003]

*Trivia: "On September 8th, 1892, the pledge appeared in 'Youth's Companion magazine; 12 million schoolchildren recited it for the first time on Columbus Day, October12th, 1892. 'My Flag' was changed [years later] to 'the Flag of the United States of America' out of fear that immigrants would salute their native flags." [Source Document: The New York Times, October 2003]

1892 - Birth / J.R.R. Tolkien - "Reportedly born  in 1892: Writer (The Lord of the Rings, etc.) J.R.R. Tolkien."

1892 - "Independent Labor Party" / Great Britain - "James Heir Hardie (1856-1915), a coalminer, managed to gain a Parliamentary seat in 1892. He went on to found the 'Independent Labor Party.' " [Based on: Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 439] 

1892 - Grand Canyon Forest Reserve - "The Grand Canyon Forest Reserve [later a national park] is established in Arizona."

1892 - Thermos Bottle - "Dewar invented the 'Dewar flask' (or 'thermos bottle') in 1892." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1892 - Internal Combustion Engine - "Rudolf Diesel invented the internal combustion engine."

1892 - Eruption / Comet 17P Holmes - November, 1892: "Comet Holmes [17P / Holmes] has erupted twice before [2007], in Nov. 1892 and Jan. 1893. [....]"

[Based on: http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=10&month=11&year=2007]

1892 - Antitoxin / Diptheria - "In 1892, Emil Adolf von Behring (1854-1917), a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize for developing an antitoxin to the childhood disease diptheria."

1892 - 1st Driver's Licenses - "The first driver's licenses are issued by the police in Paris, France."

1892 - THE THEOSOPHICAL GLOSSARY - "THE THEOSOPHICAL GLOSSARY by H.P. Blavatsky (published in 1892)."

1892 - Earthquake Trivia / 1892 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 2. Number of earthquake deaths: 1." [E.M.]

1893

1893 - Labor Day Trivia / U.S.A. - "The first observance of Labor Day is believed to have been a parade of 10,000 workers on Sept. 5, 1882, in New York City. By 1893, more than half the states were observing a 'Labor Day' on one day or another. President Grover Cleveland signed a bill June 28, 1894 - designating the first Monday in September as Labor Day." [Based on: Article (A toast to U.S. workers), p. A3, S.L.P.D., 09/04/06]

*Trivia: "[....] Labor leader Eugene V. Debs assumed leadership of the Pullman strike. [....] Some 12,000 federal troops, about half the entire U.S. Army at the time, were sent to Chicago to assist the strikebreakers. The Pullman company announced on July 18 [1894] that it would reopen and hire only employees who signed 'yellow dog contracts' promising never to join unions. On Aug. 3, [1894] the strike was declared ended. Debs went to prison, and the ARU [American Railway Union] collapsed. [....]" [Based on: Other Views page article (An Illinois railroad fight gave a nation a holiday) by John J. Dunphy, p. B9, S.L.P.D., 09/04/06]

1893 - Eruption / Comet 17P Holmes - January, 1893: "Comet Holmes [17P / Holmes] has erupted twice before [2007], in Nov. 1892 and Jan. 1893. [....]"

[Based on: http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=10&month=11&year=2007]

1893 - U.S. President / Grover Cleveland - March 4th, 1893: "The 24th American President, Grover Cleveland [Democrat], begins his term."

1893 - Bankruptcy / Webster Publishing Co. - April 18th, 1893: "The Charles L. Webster and Co. publishing firm declares bankruptcy."

1893 - Crash / U.S. Stock Market - June 27th, 1893: "U.S. Stock Market crash. In 1893, financial panic led to bank foreclosures and a four-year national economic depression."

1893 - Foreign Relations / Russia & France - "On October 13, 1893 ... a Russian squadron finally returned the French visit [to Russia in 1891] by steaming into Toulon harbor for another love feast." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447] 

1893 - Swami Vivekananda / World Congress of Religions - September 11th, 1893: "Swami Vivekananda [Born: 01/12/1863 - Died: 07/04/1902] at the World Congress of Religions. September 11, 1893."

[Based on: http://www.swamij.com/swami-vivekananda-1893.htm] - [T.D. - 01/01/2007]

*Trivia: "[....] Abroad, he had some interactions with Max Mueller. Nikola Tesla was one of those influenced by the Vedic philosophy teachings of the Swami Vivekananda."

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda] - [T.D. - 01/07/07]

1893 - Political Disposition / Austria-Hungary - "Austria's long-time Prime Minister, Eduard von Taffe (1883-1895), had granted concessions to the Czechs and Poles and brought some of them into the government. This was enough to satisfy those Czechs and Poles who were land owners and conservatives, and kept things going. It aroused the furious opposition of the German nationalists, however, for they wanted no concessions. It was also insufficient to satisfy the more nationalist Czechs and Poles, who clamored for more reform. Taafe offered universal male suffrage on October 10, 1893, but the Germans were horrified at giving non-Germans an equal vote, and the minorities scorned the offer as insufficient. When the bill was rejected all around, Taafe resigned on October 19, 1893. He was succeeded by Kasimir Felix, Count Badeni (1846-1909), who was of Polish origin. [....] On the whole, he [Kasimir Felix] proved a failure and resigned on November 28, 1897." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 444] 

1893 - Indian Appropriations Act - "The Indian Appropriations Act contains provisions to eliminate Indian agents, transferring their responsibilities on reservations to superintendents of schools."

1893 - Right to Vote Amendment / Colorado - 1893: "Colorado is the first state to adopt an amendment granting women the right to vote." [Based on: Everyday section article (Women's History Timeline), p. E4, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 03/21/06]

1893 - Zipper - "American, W.L. Judson invented the zipper."

1893 - Wavelength Research - "Wilhelm Wien (1864-1928) demonstrated, in 1893, that the higher the temperature of a substance, the shorter the wavelength of the peak radiation that it produces. Wien tried to work out an equation that would describe the manner in which all wavelengths of radiation could be emitted by a body that would produce them all (a 'black body')." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443] 

1893 - The Tale of Peter Rabbit - "Beatrix Potter begins writing The Tale of Peter Rabbit."

1893 - From the New World - "In music, Dvorak composed his most famous symphony, From the New World, in 1893." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 445]

1894

1894 - Franco-Russian Alliance - "On January 3, 1894, a Franco-Russian alliance was established, and they agreed to fight together if war was forced on either of them by any member of the Triple Alliance. Finally, for the first time in a quarter of a century, France had an ally, and Bismark, who was still alive (he was to die in 1898) must have been chagrined indeed." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447] 

1894 - Birth / Kirpal Singh - February 6th, 1894:

Sant Kirpal Singh (6 February 1894–21 August 1974) was a Guru who was born in Sayyad Kasran, a part of the Punjab which now belongs to Pakistan.

He taught the unity of all religions and the birthright of man to attain self-knowledge and God-knowledge. Under the guidance of his Surat Shabd Yoga or Sant Mat guru, Baba Sawan Singh, of Radha Soami Satsang Beas, (see also "A brief life-sketch of Hazur Baba Sawan Singh Ji" [1] and "How I met my Master" [2]) he says he experienced what is described in the scriptures about God. According to his disciples, he dedicated his whole life to the ideal of unity: the brotherhood of man under the fatherhood of God.

[....]

Sant Kirpal Singh's legacy may lie chiefly in the wealth of books he wrote during his lifetime; the Master made all of these works available without copyright, saying "the gifts of God, like sunlight, are all free."

[....]

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirpal_Singh]

1894 - Conjunction? / Sirius A, B & Sun - 1894 "[....] Every 49.9 years, the two stars in the system, Sirius A and B, come as close together as their orbits allow, creating huge magnetic storms between them. [....] What does this mean to life on Earth? The last time it occurred, in 1944, humanity was locked in the greatest conflict ever seen in history, World War II. It happened again, almost 50 years later, in June, 1993. [....] A new picture of the universe is emerging, one of a vast cosmic interdependence and connectedness. From first cosmos to last electron, the whole universe is a complex of coils within coils, spirals within spirals, magnetic fields within magnetic fields. The stars are interconnected to each other, exchanging particles and gases constantly, all flowing down the magnetic field lines or arteries of the galactic body. Scientists now feel it’s very likely the galaxy's coiled field lines diverge into intergalactic space where they may ultimately be connected to other galaxies. Are these tendrils of energy the nervous system of the galaxy, relaying information from star to star, galaxy to galaxy, on and on? One can only wonder." - Denise St. Denis [Based on: http://www.souledout.org/cosmology/cossynthreflects/sirius.html] - [T.D. - 12/28/07]

1894 - Assassination / French President - June 24th, 1894: "French president M. F. Sadi-Carnot (1837-1894) was assassinated by an Italian anarchist. He was succeeded by Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (1847-1907), who later resigned on January 17, 1895."

1894 - Labor Day Trivia / U.S.A. - June 28th, 1894: "The first observance of Labor Day is believed to have been a parade of 10,000 workers on Sept. 5, 1882, in New York City. By 1893, more than half the states were observing a 'Labor Day' on one day or another. President Grover Cleveland signed a bill June 28, 1894 - designating the first Monday in September as Labor Day." [Based on: Article (A toast to U.S. workers), p. A3, S.L.P.D., 09/04/06]

*Trivia: "[....] Labor leader Eugene V. Debs assumed leadership of the Pullman strike. [....] Some 12,000 federal troops, about half the entire U.S. Army at the time, were sent to Chicago to assist the strikebreakers. The Pullman company announced on July 18 [1894] that it would reopen and hire only employees who signed 'yellow dog contracts' promising never to join unions. On Aug. 3, [1894] the strike was declared ended. Debs went to prison, and the ARU [American Railway Union] collapsed. [....]" [Based on: Other Views page article (An Illinois railroad fight gave a nation a holiday) by John J. Dunphy, p. B9, S.L.P.D., 09/04/06]

1894 - Initiation / Sawan Singh - October 15th, 1894:

[....] After several conferences with Baba Ji [Baba Jaimal Singh] I was thoroughly convinced and received Initiation [into the secrets of surat shabd yoga] from him on the 15th day of October, 1894.

The turning point in Sawan Singh's life came when he met his spiritual guru, Baba Jaimal Singh, and took initiation under him in the path of surat shabd yoga (union of the soul with the divine inner sound). Such was Sawan's readiness that in just over nine years he became an acknowledged master within the Sant Mat and Radhasoami traditions. In fact, except for Maharaj Charan Singh, the Satguru at Beas from 1951 to 1990, Sawan Singh attracted the largest following of any shabd yoga master in history, initiating more than 125,000 people into the mystic practice. [....]

[Based on: http://vclass.mtsac.edu:930/phil/saint.htm]

1894 - Russian Tsar Nicholas II - November 1, 1894: "Alexander III's destruction of the rebellion further angered the working class, but his death in 1894 brought his son Nicholas II to power. The workers were quieted, for a while. Nicholas II was much like his father but lacked a strength of character. He believed the empire would return to the old ways if just left alone. Because he did advocate rapid industrialization, work days were lengthened, pay was decreased, and the workers became even more angry. Realizing what he had done, he shortened the workday to 11.5 hours. Still unhappy, the workers began to follow the ideas of Marx in earnest and by 1898, most university students were following Marx."

1894 - Conservative Jewish Movement / United States - "The Conservative Judaism movement [1890's] emerges in the United States. Anti-Semitism increases throughout France and many Jews begin to actively support the idea of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine."

1894 - Alfred Dreyfus Conviction - December 22nd, 1894: "Captain Alfred Dreyfus is convicted by a French army court-martial."

1894 - Japan  Attacks China - "Japan attacks China."

1894 - Planning / Modern Olympic Games - "Planning for the first modern Olympic Games begins."

1894 - Archaeological Discovery / Minoan Civilization - "Arthur John Evans (1851-1941) was an archaeologist who, beginning in 1984, conducted digs in Crete that revealed details concerning the early Minoan civilization that, until then, had only been hinted at in some of the Greek myths." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1894 - Discovered / Argon Gas - "John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919), and William Ramsay (1852-1916) discovered the gas argon in 1894, and each received a Nobel Prize for the feat." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1894 - 1st Motion Picture Copyright? - January 9th, 1894?: "First motion picture is copyrighted." [Based on: Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac, p. 2 ] [my copy gives a date of 894, which I assume is a typo - E.M.]

1894 - The Jungle Book - "Rudyard Kipling publishes The Jungle Book."

1894 - Afternoon of a Faun - "Among the French musicians of this period was Achille-Claude Debussy (1862-1918), best known for his symphonic poem Afternoon of a Faun (1894)." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 448]

1895

1895 - Resignation / Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier, France - "Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (1847-1907) eventually fell afoul of the 'Dreyfus Affair' and on January 17, 1895, resigned and returned to his business affairs. He was succeeded by Francois Felix Faure (1841-1899), whose life was also hounded by the Dreyfus Affair." [Based on: Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447]

1895 - Cuban Revolt - February 25th, 1895: "Cuban's begin revolt against Spanish."

1895 - Kiel Canal / Germany - "In June 1895, Germany opened the Kiel Canal, which cut across the isthmus just south of Denmark and allowed easy access between the North Sea and Baltic Sea for ships that would no longer have to sail all around Denmark to do so. It had obvious commercial possibilities, but Germany was thinking of it largely as a way of making sure that warships could be transferred between the two seas rapidly at need." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 442]

1895 - Mark Twain Lecture Tour - July 14th, 1895: "Mark Twain begins a 12 month around-the-world lecture tour."

1895 - Strong Earthquake / Charleston, Missouri - October 31st, 1895: "Earthquake location: Charleston, Missouri. Earthquake magnitude: 6.6. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1895 - Liquid Air - "In 1895, Karl Paul Gottfried von Linde (1842-1934) devised a system of cooling that was efficient and automatic so that liquid air became not merely a laboratory curiosity but a commodity that could easily be produced in tank-loads." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 444]

1895 - Invention? / Radio - "In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi invented 'wireless telegraphy' otherwise known as the radio."

*Trivia: "The U.S. Supreme Court, in a landmark decision dated June 21, 1943, Case No. 369, overturned Marconi's basic patent for the invention of radio because Tesla's [Nickola Tesla's] patent on the four-tuned circuit predated Marconi's patent. Marconi had simply copied Tesla's work. [....] Marconi's two-tuned circuit system was the same as that advanced by Heinrich Hertz and was no more a viable system of radio than that advanced by Mahlon Loomis in 1872 ... long before Hertz or Tesla." [Intro by Timothy Green Beckley, The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, p. 7]

1895 - Discovered / X-Rays - November, 1895: "William Konrad Roentgen (1845-1923), a Greman physicist, discovers X-Rays."

*Trivia: "X rays discovered [1896] by Wilhelm Rontgen." [Based on: Ultimate Visual Dictionary of Science, Timeline of Discoveries, p. 15, Barnes & Noble Books - 2005]

1895 - Anti-Saloon League / U.S.A. - December 18th, 1895: "National Anti-Saloon League founded, 1895." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 99]

1895 - "FitzGerald Contraction" - "The first to attempt an explanation of the negative results of the Michelson-Morley experiment of the previous decade was George Francis FitzGerald (1851-1910). He pointed out, in 1895, that the results could be explained if it were assumed that all objects in motion contracted in the direction of motion in accordance with a certain equation relating the speed of motion to the speed of light. The contraction would reduce the length of the object to zero at the speed of light, so that this 'FitzGerald contraction' made it seem that motion faster than the speed of light in a vacuum was impossible." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, pp. 439-440] 

1895 - The Time Machine - "H.G. [Herbert George] Wells published The Time Machine."

1895 - Earthquake Trivia / 1895 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1896

1896 - Utah - January 4th, 1896: "The 45th American state."

1896 - Failure / Cecil Rhodes - January 6th, 1896: "Jameson Raid causes the government of Cecil Rhodes to fail."

1896 - Rhodesian Revolt - March 20th, 1896: "Revolt against Rhode's chartered company begin in Rhodesia [Zambiabwe]."

1896 - 1st Modern Olympic Games / Athens, Greece - April 6th, 1896: "The modern Games were revived in 1896 in Athens by a French baron, Pierre de Coubertine, whose heart is entombed in a memorial in ancient Olympia, about 200 miles southwest of Athens." [A.P., 03/14/04]  

1896 - Great Earthquake / Japan - June 15th, 1896: "Earthquake location: Sanriku, Japan. Earthquake magnitude: 8.5. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1896 - Klondike Gold Rush - August 17th, 1896: "George Carmack discovered gold in Rabbit Creek starting the Klondike Gold Rush."

1896 - Creation / Nobel Prize - December 10th, 1896: "Alfred Nobel died, and created the 'Nobel Prize'."

1896 - 1st IQ Test / Paris, France - "In Paris, Alfred Binet contrived the first IQ [intelligence] test for chldren."

1896 - U.S. Segregation Status / Plessy Vs. Ferguson - "U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson ruling sets out 'separate but equal' doctrine that becomes legal basis for widespread segregation in public schools." [Based on Article, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 05/17/04]

1896 - Rubber Heel - "American, H. O'Sullivan invented the rubber heel."

1896 - Beta Particle Radiation - "In 1896, the French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel (1853-1908), found that a uranium compound was the source of unexplained radiation. Some of the radiation he discovered in 1899 consisted of speeding electrons, called 'beta particles' eventually. Becquerel received a Nobel Prize for this." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447] 

1896 - Enzyme Research - "In 1896 ... Eduard Buchner (1860-1917) ground up yeast cells, filtered the material, and obtained a nonliving solution that could produce the fermentation [of sugar]. No enzyme, therefore, required a living cell to do its work, and for this Buchner received a Nobel Prize." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443]

1896 - The Jewish State - "In 1896, a Hungarian-born Jew, Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) wrote a pamphlet entitled: The Jewish State."

1896 - Earthquake Trivia / 1896 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1897

1897 - "Diamond Jubilee" / Great Britain - "Great Britain celebrated the 60th anniversary ['Diamond Jubilee'] of the coronation of Queen Victoria."

1897 - U.S. President William McKinley - March 4th, 1897: "The 25th American President, William McKinley [Republican], begins his term. McKinley was the 3rd American President assassinated. Incidentally, Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, and William McKinley were all Republicans."

*Trivia: "In American schoolbooks it is claimed that it was all for the good that the Democratic candidate for president in 1896, William Jennings Bryan, was not elected, since he was against the gold footing and the 'sound money' of the banks (that is money that creates debt). Bryan explained in his 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention, in Chicago on July 9, 1896: 'When we have restored the money of the Constitution, all other necessary reforms will be possible, and that until that is done there is no reform that can be accomplished.'
   "Bryan was not elected, and 17 years later, in 1913, Congress passed a bill (introduced by the Masonic President Woodrow Wilson), that purported to repeal the right of the Congress to issue currency and transferred this right to a 'federal reserve' funding system.
   "Congressman Charles A. Lindbergh, father of the famous aviator, had the following to say about this: 'When the president signs it, the invisible government of the money brokers has become legalized. The worst legal crime of the century is a fact. The day of reckoning is only a few years removed.' " [Based on: article by Juri Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October 2004, p. 11]

1897 - Foreign Relations / Austria Hungary & Russia - "On April 30, 1897, Austria-Hungary came to an agreement with Russia to keep things in the Balkans as they were. It was the best Austria-Hungary could manage. [Based on: Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 445] 

1897 - Great Earthquake / India - June 12th, 1897: "Earthquake location: Assam, India. Earthquake magnitude: 8.3. Number of recorded fatalities: 1,500."  

1897 - Strong Earthquake / Calaveras Fault, California - June 20th, 1897: "Earthquake location: Calaveras fault, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.3. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1897 - 1st Zionist Congress - August 27th, 1897: "In 1897, the first Zionist Congress takes place. The movement of Zionism [dedicated to founding a Jewish state] was founded by Theodor Herzl in the late 1800s as a response to the Dreyfus Affair in France. Alfred Dreyfus, a French army officer, was falsely convicted of treason and imprisoned but was later exonerated when it was proved he was a victim of an anti-Semitic conspiracy. American Jewry provided relief for many of the east European Jews who suffered as a result of World War I."

*Trivia: "Two hundred delegates attended the first Zionist Congress in Basel Switzerland, some even from the United States." [Based on: Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 445]

1897 - Alfred von Tirpitz / German Navy - "In 1897, Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930) was placed in charge of the German navy. It was his ambition, and Willian II went along with it eagerly, to strengthen that navy by building many ships of the latest design." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, pp. 442-443]

1897 - Russian Naval Forces / Port Arthur, China - December, 1897: "Russian naval forces occupied Port Arthur on the China Peninsula."

1897 - Oscilliscope - "In 1897, Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918), a German scientist, invented the oscilliscope."

1897 - Diesel Engine - "Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) invented an internal-combustion engine in 1897 that could use petroleum fractions that were higher-boiling and cheaper than gasoline, and that required no electrical spark for ignition, merely forceful compression. Such engines were heavy, but could be used effectively in heavy vehicles such as buses, trucks, and ships." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 444]

1897 - Giant Ferris Wheel - "The Giant Ferris Wheel [rising 220 feet] is built in Vienna, Austria's, Prater."

1897 - Closed Circuit Television - "Jan Sczcepanik invents first [crude] closed circuit television."

1897 - Steam Turbine / Turbinia - "Charles Parsons put his steam turbine to startling use in 1897. He had built a turbine-powered ship, the Turbinia, that was capable of moving at a speed of 35 knots with scarcely any vibration or noise. At the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, when the British navy was holding a stately review, the Turbinia, at top speed, flashed past those ships. Nothing in the water could catch it. Naturally, steam turbines became a popular item at once for shipbuilders." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1897 - Causative Agent / Malaria - "Ronald Ross (1857-1932) discovered the causative agent of malaria, which turned out to be a protozoan. It was the first case of an infectious disease known to be caused by a non-bacterial agent." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1897 - Conclusive Evidence? / Electrons - "In 1897, Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) was able to show conclusively that cathode ray particles consisted of speeding particles carrying a negative electric charge and with a mass only 1/1837 that of the lightest atom, hydrogen. The new particle was named the 'electron,' a name first proposed as the unit of electricity by George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) in 1891. The electron was the first 'subatomic particle' (one smaller than an atom) to be discovered. Thomson won a noble prize for this." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1897 - The Invisible Man - "H.G. [Herbert George] Wells published The Invisible Man."

1897 - Dracula - "Abraham ('Bram') Stoker published the now classic vampire story, Dracula."

1897 - Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy - "Mark Twain begins writing Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy, never completed."

1897 - The Chronicle of Young Satan - "Sam Clemens begins writing The Chronicle of Young Satan, never completed."

1897 - Earthquake Trivia / 1897 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 2. Number of earthquake deaths: 1,500." [E.M.]

1898

1898 - Explosion / U.S.S. Maine - February 15th, 1898: "The battleship, U.S.S. Maine is blown up at Havana Cuba."

*Trivia: "On Feb. 15, 1898, the battleship Maine blew up in Havana Bay, prompting Congress on April 25 to declare war on Spain. Spain sued for peace on Aug. 12, thus ending the Spanish-American War after 110 days. The tax levied to pay for it lasted 108 years [until 2006!]. But as of Aug. 1 of this year [2006], the Internal Revenue Service will stop levying the 3 percent excise tax on long-distance telephone service imposed in 1898 to pay for the war. Amazingly, in those days the president actually paid for misbegotten wars in cash instead of putting them on the national credit card. [....] As the years went by, Congress kept 'forgetting' to remove the tax, and by last year it was raising $5.6 billion annually. The tax shows up on your phone bill as one of the dozen or so taxes and surcharges added to basic service. Last week, after years of being sued by businesses looking for refunds, the IRS finally announced it would stop collecting the tax on long-distance service. The 3 percent tax on local service will remain in place, though some members of Congress are lobbying to remove that too. [....]" [Based on: Opinion Page article (Finally. Forget the Maine), p. B8, S.L.P.D., 05/31/06]

1898 - Building Begun / Modern German Navy - "On March 28, 1898, money was voted by the legislature ... and the building of a modern German navy was begun." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443] 

1898 - Strong Earthquake / Mare Island, California - March 31st, 1898: "Earthquake location: Mare Island, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.3. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1898 - Strong Earthquake / Mendocino County, California - April 15th, 1898: "Earthquake location: Mendocino County, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.8. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1898 - Spanish-American War - April 21st, 1898: "Spanish-American War begins."

1861 - U.S. Military Nurses / Civilan Status - 1898: "More than 1,500 women serve as military nurses [Spanish-American War] with civilan status." [Based on: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A10, 07/10/05]

1898 - Curtis Act - "Curtis Act dissolves tribal governments, requires Indians of abolished Indian nations to submit to allotment, and institutes civil government for Indian Country, with the purpose of extending the effects of allotment policy to the Five Civilized Tribes."

1898 - Independence / Philippines - June 12th, 1898: "Philippine insurgents declare independence."

1898 - Hawaii - August 12th, 1898: "The United States annexes Hawaii."

1898 - Assassination / Empress Elizabeth, Austria-Hungary - September 10th, 1898: "Empress Elizabeth of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by an Italian anarchist. Francis Joseph's nephew, Francis Ferdinand (1863-1914), became the new heir to the throne."

1898 - Railroad Plan / Berlin to Baghdad - "On November 17th, 1898, Germany began to plan a railroad from Berlin to Baghdad in Iraq, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. This was with the obvious intention of increasing German influence in the Middle East, which alarmed both Great Britain and Russia. What's more, Germany was increasing its meddling in China and that upset Japan. In short, where Bismark had carefully secured the friendship of all the European powers but France in the 1870s and 1880s, William II, in the 1890s, was managing to alienate all the European powers with the exception of Austria-Hungary." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443]

1898 - Saturn / Pluto Opposition - December 6th, 1898: "The planets Saturn and Pluto stand opposed in the signs of Gemini and Sagittatius. A similar opposition will occur on September 11th, 2001."

1898 - End / Spanish-American War - December 10th, 1898: "Spanish-American War ends [Treaty of Paris]. With victory, the U.S. wins control of Puerto Rico, the Phillippines, Guam, and Cuba."

1898 - German Lease / Kiaocchow Peninsula, China - "Germany extracts a 99 year lease on the Kiaocchow Peninsula from China."

1898 - Telegraphone - "Valdemar Poulsen invents the telegraphone, a predecessor to the tape recorder."

1898 - Roller Coaster - "Edwin Prescott patented the roller coaster."

1898 - Liquid Hydrogen - "In 1898, he [Dewar] succeeded in liquefying hydrogen at a tempersture of only 20 degrees above absolute zero. That left the newly discovered helium as the only gas still unliquefied." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1898 - Radium & Polonium - "Marie Sklodowska [Polish-born] and Pierre Currie discover the elements Radium and Polonium."

1898 -  What Is Man - "Sam Clemens begins writing What Is Man."

1898 -  The Great Dark - "Sam Clemens writes The Great Dark."

1898 - War Of The Worlds - "H.G. [Herbert George] Wells published War Of The Worlds."

1898 - Concerning the Jews - "Sam Clemens writes Concerning the Jews."

1898 - The Memorable Assassination - "Sam Clemens writes The Momorable Assassination, 1st published in 1917."

1898 - Earthquake Trivia / 1898 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 2." [E.M.]

1899

1899 - Mt. Rainier National Park - March 2nd, 1899: "Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, established."

1899 - Major Earthquake / Cape Yakataga, Alaska - September 4th, 1899: "Earthquake location: Cape Yakataga, Alaska. Earthquake magnitude: 7.9. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1899 - Major Earthquake / Yakutat Bay, Alaska - September 10th, 1899: "Earthquake location: Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Earthquake magnitude: 8.0. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1899 - Alfred Dreyfus Pardon, France - September 19th, 1899: "France pardons Alfred Dreyfus without vindicating him."

*Trivia: "President Faure, who had been an anti-Dreyfusard, had died earlier in the year and he was succeeded by Emile Francois Loubet (1838-1929), who was a Dreyfusard. Hoping to end the Affair, he remitted the sentence and pardoned Dreyfus. Eventually, of course, Dreyfus was entirely exonerated and all who had suffered on his behalf ... were rehabilitated." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447]

1899 - Boer War / South Africa - October 11th, 1899: "The Boer War begins in South Africa."

1899 - Boxer Rebellion / China - "In 1899, China's Boxer Rebellion began as a secret society."

1899 - Beta Particles - "In 1896, the French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel (1853-1908), found that a uranium compound was the source of unexplained radiation. Some of the radiation he discovered in 1899 consisted of speeding electrons, called 'beta particles' eventually. Becquerel received a Nobel Prize for this." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 447] 

1899 - Vacuum Cleaner - "J.S. Thurman patented the motor-driven vacuum cleaner."

1899 - Speed of Sound - "An important Austrian scientist of the decade [1890-1900] was Ernst Mach (1838-1916). [....] He is best remembered today because his work on airflow caused him to recognize the sudden changes that came when an object moved at the speed of sound." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 445]

1899 - Concerning the Jews - "Mark Twain publishes Concerning the Jews."

1899 - How To make History Dates Stick - "Sam Clemens writes How To make History Dates Stick, 1st published in 1914."

1899 - The Future Of The Ameriacn Negro - "Booker T. Washington publishes, The Future Of The Ameriacn Negro."

1899 - Earthquake Trivia / 1899 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 2." [E.M.]

Earthquake Trivia / 19th Century - "Number of notable earthquakes this century [19th]: at least 28. Number of earthquake deaths this century: at least 129,467." [E.M.]

20th Century A.D.

1900 - Map of Europe - "Map of Europe: A.D. 1900."

1900 - "Quantum Theory" / Modern Physics - "Wilhelm Wien (1864-1928) demonstrated, in 1893, that the higher the temperature of a substance, the shorter the wavelength of the peak radiation that it produces. Wien tried to work out an equation that would describe the manner in which all wavelengths of radiation could be emitted by a body that would produce them all (a 'black body'). Wien failed in this, but Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947) succeeded in 1900, by assuming that energy could only be given off in fixed amounts. These energy-packets were extremely tiny and Planck called them 'quanta.' It turned out that Planck's 'quantum theory, made it possible to look at all of physical science in a new and much-improved way, so that everything before 1900 is called 'classical physics' and everything afterward is 'modern physics.' Both Wein and Planck received Nobel Prizes for their work." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443]

*Trivia: "[....] Quantum theory contains within it some apparent conceptual paradoxes that even after 80 years remain unsolved. An electron appears to be both a wave and a particle. So does light. Moreover, the theory gives only statistical predictions of subatomic behavior. Our ability to do any better than that is limited by the uncertainty principle, which tells us that we cannot measure a particle's position and momentum at the same time. The theory yields only probabilities. A particle - an atomic electron, say - can be anywhere until we measure it; our observation in some sense determines its state. All of this suggests that quantum theory does not tell the whole story. As a result, in spite of its success, there are many experts who are convinced that quantum theory hides something essential about nature that we need to know. [....]"

[Based on: Lee Smolin, The Trouble with Physics, p. 6 (3rd paragraph), copyright 2006]

1900 - Ground-Breaking / N.Y.C. Subway System - March 24th, 1900: "Ground-breaking ceremony for N.Y.C. subway system, 1900." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 105]

1900 - Hawaii Territory - June 14th, 1900: "Hawaii becomes a U.S. terroritory."

1900 - U.S. President William McKinley - June 16th, 1900: "President KcKinley re-elected with Theodore Roosevelt as his vise-president."

1900 - China Declares War on Western Allies - June 21st, 1900: " 'Boxer's' take Peking, and China declares war on western allies."

1900 - Zeppelin - July 2nd, 1900: "Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich von Zeppelin (1838-1917) flew his first craft on July 2, 1900. For the first time, human beings could move through the air against the wind."  [Based on: Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 444]

1900 - Assassination / King Humbert I, Italy - July 29th, 1900: "King Humbert I is assassinated in Italy."

1900 - 2nd Olympic Games / Paris, France - "In 1900, the 2nd Olympic Games were held in Paris, France."  

1900 - Sam Clemens / New York - October, 1900: "Sam Clemens returns from Europe and lives at 14 West Tenth Street, New York."

1900 - Major Earthquake / Alaska - October 9th, 1900: "Earthquake location: Kodiak Island, Alaska. Earthquake magnitude: 7.7. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1900 - U.S. Submarine - October 12th, 1900: "America's first real submarine, the U.S.S. Holland [SS-1], is commissioned."

1900 - German Chancellor / Berhard Heinrich Martin Karl van Bulow - "On October 16, 1900, Holenlohe resigned and, in his place, Willian II appointed Berhard Heinrich Martin Karl van Bulow (1849-1929) to the post of Chancellor." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 443]

1900 - Atoms? - "At the beginning of the twentieth century, few physicists believed in atoms."

1900 - AACP - "The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy was founded in 1900 as the Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, while the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy was established 4 years later."

1900 - 1st Tractor - "Benjamin Holt invented the first tractor."

1900 - U.S. Hall Of Fame - "The first election of membership into the Hall Of Fame For Great Americans."

1900 - Use of Fingerprints - Francis Galton, in this decade [1890-1900], worked out the use of fingerprints as an identifying device." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1900 - Discovered / T-Rex - "The first discovery of a fossilized T-rex Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton."

1900 - 1st Hamburger  Served - "First hamburger served."

1900 - Lynching Trivia / U.S.A - December, 1900: "Congress rejects a bill to make lynching a federal crime."

1900 - Discovery / Tryptophan - "Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947) discovered tryptophan, an important amino acid, in 1900." [Based on: Isaac Asimov, Asimov's Chronology Of The World, p. 440]

1900 - The Tale of Peter Rabbit - "Beatrix Potter, publishes The Tale of Peter Rabbit which she wrote in 1893."

1900 - The Interpertation of Dreams - "Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpertation of Dreams."

1900 - Earthquake Trivia / 1900 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1901

1901 - Astronomic Configuration - Uranus-Pluto [Sagittarius/Gemini] opposition [1901-1902]."

1901 - Commonwealth of Australia - January 1st, 1901: "Commonwealth of Australia founded."

1901 - Oil Discovered / Beaumont, Texas - January 10th, 1901: "Oil is discovered in Beaumont, Texas - the first major oil discovery in U.S. history." [Based on: Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac, p. 2]

1901 - King Edward VII / Great Britain - January 22nd, 1901: "Queen Victoria dies; Edward VII becomes king of Great Britain."

1901 - Trivia / Sam Clemens - "Sam Clemens works on The Secret History of Eddypus, the World Empire, February never completed."

1901 - U.S. Protectorate / Cuba - March 2nd, 1901: "The Platt Amendment to Cuba's constitution makes that country a U.S. protectorate."

1901 - Strong Earthquake / Parkfield, California - March 3rd, 1901: "Earthquake location: Parkfield, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.4. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1901 - Birth / Manly P. Hall - March 18th (Pisces), 1901:

Manly Palmer Hall (March 18, 1901 - August 29, 1990) was a prolific Canadian-born author and mystic. He is perhaps most famous for his work The Secret Teaching of All Ages: An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy, which he published at the age of twenty five; the first line of which is, "Philosophy is the science of estimating values."

He has been widely recognized as a leading scholar in the fields of religion, mythology, mysticism, and the occult.

Carl Jung, when writing Psychology and Alchemy, borrowed material from Hall's private collection.

In 1934 Manly P. Hall founded the Philosophical Research Society in Los Angeles, California, dedicating it to an idealistic approach to the solution of human problems. The PRS claims to be non-sectarian and entirely free from educational, political, or ecclesiastical control, the Society's programs stress the need for the integration of philosophy, religion, and science into one system of instruction. The PRS Library, a public facility devoted to source materials in obscure fields, has many rare and scarce items now impossible to obtain elsewhere.

In 1973 Mr. Hall was recognized as a 33º Mason (the highest rank possible in the Scottish Rite), at a ceremony held at PRS on December 8th.

In his long career, spanning more than seventy years of dynamic public activity, Mr. Hall delivered over 7,500 lectures in the United States and abroad, authored over 150 books and essays, and wrote countless magazine articles.

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manly_P._Hall]

1901 - Pan-American Exposition / Buffalo N.Y. - September 3rd, 1901: "Pan-American Exposition opens in Buffalo, N.Y. demonstrating the latest inventions in farming, medicine, communications, transportation, and housewares.  Record numbers of visitors from around the world are expected to attend." [Link: 1]

1901 - President William McKinley / Buffalo N.Y. - September 5th, 1901: "William McKinley opens the Pan-American Exposition."

1901 - Shot / U.S. President William McKinley  - September 6th, 1901: "President McKinley was shot by Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, NY."

1901 - Fatality / U.S. President William McKinley - September 14th, 1901: "President McKinley dies from his wound."

1901 - U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt - September 14th, 1901: "The 26th American President, Theodore Roosevelt [Republican], begins his term."

1901 - Assassination / Russian Minister of Education - "In 1901 they [Jews] assassinated Bogolepov, the Czar's Minister of Education." [Link: 1]

1901 - Sam Clemens  / New York - October, 1901: "Sam Clemens moves to Riverdale, New York."

1901 - Radio Receiver - "The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission."

1901- Discovery / Ancient Greek Computer - "[....] The Antikythera mechanism, found in 1901 in a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, is thought to have been made more than about 100 B.C. Its purpose was a mystery for than 100 years, but in 2006, researchers used new scanning technology to examine the heavily encrusted fragments. [NP] They concluded that the device originally contained 37 gears that formed an astronomical computer. Two dials on the front show the zodiac and a calendar of the days of the year that can be adjusted for leap years. Metal pointers show the positions in the zodiac of the sun, moon and five planets known in antiquity. Two spiral dials on the back show the cycles of the moon and predict eclipses." [Based on: Los Angeles Times article (Ancient computer tracked passage of time, Olympics), p. A7, S.L.P.D., 07/31/08]

1901 - Birth / Walt Disney - December 5th, 1901: "Reportedly born [Chicago] on this date in history: Walter Elias Disney [Walt Disney]."

1901 - The Death Disk - December, 1901: "Mark Twain publishes, The Death Disk."

1901 - Up From Slavery - "Booker T. Washington publishes, Up From Slavery."

1901 - To The Person Sitting in Darkness - "Mark Twain publishes, To The Person Sitting in Darkness."

1901 - Earthquake Trivia / 1901 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1902

1902 - Fatality / Cecil Rhodes - March 26th, 1902: "Cecil Rhodes dies."

1902 - Volcanic Eruption / Santa Maria, Guatemala - "Volcanic eruption date(s): April 24th, 1902. Number of recorded deaths: 1,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 491]

1902 - Volcanic Eruption / Mount Pelee, Martinique - May 8th, 1902: "Mount Pelée, on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean Sea, erupted at 7:50 a.m. on May 8, 1902. A giant black plume darkened the sky, while a superheated cloud of hot ash, toxic gases, and magma fragments raced down the volcano's sides at hurricane-force speeds. Within minutes, the city of St. Pierre had been destroyed, its 30,000 inhabitants dead."

*Trivia: "Volcanic eruption date(s): May 8th, 1902. Eruption location: Mt. Pelee, Martinique. Number of recorded deaths: 28,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 491]

1902 - Independence / Cuba  - May 20th, 1902: "Cuba becomes independent nation."

1902 - Crater Lake National Park - May 22nd, 1902: "Crater Lake National Park established in Oregon."

1902 - End / Boer War, South Africa - May 31st, 1902: "The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the Boer War in South Africa."

1902 - Died / Swami Vivekananda - July 4th, 1902: "On July 4, 1902 at Belur Math near Kolkata, he [Swami Vivekananda] taught Vedanta philosophy to some pupils in the morning. He had a walk with Swami Premananda, a brother-disciple and gave him instructions concerning the future of the Ramakrishna Math. The same day, Vivekananda left his mortal body at the young age of 39."

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda] - [T.D. - 01/07/07]

1902 - Transatlantic Radio Signal - December 11th, 1902: "Marconi transmits the first transatlantic radio signal."

1902 - Reclamation Act - "Reclamation Act encourages settlement of the American West by whites through subsidies for water development."

1902 - Assassination / Russian Minister of Interior - "In 1902, they [Jews] murdered Sipyagin, Minister of Interior in 1902." [Link: 1]

1902 - Air Conditioner - "In 1902, Willis Carrier invented the air conditioner."

1902 - Biologies Control Act - "Congress enacted the Biologies Control Act to license and regulate interstate sale of serums, vaccines, and antitoxins used to prevent or treat diseases in humans."

1902 - Was It Heaven? or Hell? - "Mark Twain publishes, Was It Heaven? or Hell?."

1902 - Volcano Trivia / 1902 - "Number of volcanic eruptions [and, or] notable volcanic events this year: at least 2. Number of deaths: 31,000." [E.M.]

1903

1903 - Wind Cave National Park / South Dakota - January 3rd, 1903: "Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, established."

1903 - "Sawan Singh" / India - 1903? "[....] Because of his exceptional spiritual state, Sawan Singh was appointed by Baba Jaimal Singh to be his successor shortly before his death in 1903. Sawan Singh carried on his master's mission with remarkable aptitude, spreading the message of humankind's divine heritage throughout India.

Sawan Singh gathered a large following of disciples from around the world. Among his devotees were Dr. Julian P. Johnson, Dr. Pierre Schmidt, Col. C.W. Sanders, Sant Kirpal Singh (founder of Ruhani Satsang), Sant Darshan Singh (founder of Sawan-Kirpal Mission), Baba Somanath, Pritam Das, and several government officials in both the British and Indian ranks.

Huzur Sawan Singh died on April 2, 1948, just days after appointing Jagat Singh as his spiritual successor. [....]

[Based on: http://vclass.mtsac.edu:930/phil/saint.htm]

*Trivia: "[....] It was also interesting to see that Jaimal Singh, the founder of the Beas Radhasoami group, had also studied with Salig Ram, as well as Shiv Dayal Singh, the founder of Radhasoami. And Sawan Singh had contact with the Sant Sat Gurus of the Parent Faith as well. Sawan attended the satsang of Babuji on a few occasions, and when he did so he sat on the floor at the feet of Babuji amongst the other satsangis. Sawan Singh was the last of the Beas gurus to have direct contact with the Sant Sat Gurus of the Parent Faith. Is this why both Jaimal and Sawan's writings seem so much more alive than any that followed them in the Beas teaching? Is this why Paul once observed that the line of spirituality in the Beas group stopped with Sawan Singh? [....]"

[Based on: Dialogue in the Age of Criticism, Chap. 12]  

1903 - U.S. Suffrage Convention - March 24-30, 1903: "The National American Woman Suffrage Association holds the largest annual convention to push for women's voting rights in its 34-year history." [Link: 1]

1903 - Jewish Fatalities / Russia - "More than 600 Jews are murdered in the town of Kishinev, Russia, Easter."

1903 - "A Square Deal" / U.S.A. - September 7th, 1903: "Theodore Roosevelt promises 'A Square Deal,' at the N.Y. State Agriculture Association." [Link: 1]

1903 - Sam Clemens / Italy - October 24th, 1903: "Sam Clemens and family move to Florence, Italy."

1903 - Independence / Panama - November 3rd, 1903: "Panama declares its independance from Columbia."

1903 - Crayons - "Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invented crayons."

1903 - Airplane - December 17th, 1903: "Wright brothers make first powered, heavier than air, flight at Kitty Hawk. .The Wright brothers invented the first gas motored and manned airplane."

1903 - 1st Baseball World Series - "First World Series of baseball played."

1903 - Assassination / Governor of Ufa  - "Bogdanovich, the Governor of Ufa was murdered in 1903."

1904

1904 - Autobiography / Sam Clemens - January, 1903: "Sam Clemens begins dictating his autobiography."

1904 - Beginning / Russo-Japanese War - February 8th, 1904: Japanese sneak attack on Port Author begins the Russo-Japanese War."

*Trivia: "American Jacob Schiff was the wealthiest Jewish banker in the world as head of the international bank of 'Kuhn, Loeb & Co.' Note here that Schiff 'floated the large Japanese War Loans of 1904-1905 which made their victory over Russia possible.' At the end of the article we read that Schiff 'used his financial influence to keep Russia from the money markets of the U.S.' Also note that Schiff controlled all of the railroads in the U.S. and 'suppressed ruinous competition.' [Note: This would be like allowing one person to own all of the Air Lines today and 'suppressing all competition.' He also controlled the Central Trust Bank and Western Union.]. Thus, with all this money power, Schiff was able to prevent the Czar from obtaining loans to raise armies for a defense against the Japanese. Schiff formed called 'The Friends of Russian Freedom.' Its purpose was to agitate for the overthrow of the Christian Czar. This group, with the help of the Japanese, ran an anti-Czar indoctrination campaign among the 50,000 Russian soldiers taken as POWs during the war. They returned home ready to support the Jewish revolution." [Link: 1]

1904 - Fatality / Olivia L. Clemens - June 5th, 1904: "Olivia [Livy] Langdon Clemens, S.L.C's wife, dies in Florence, Italy."

1904 - Major Earthquake / Alaska - August 27th, 1904: "Earthquake location: Fairbanks, Alaska. Earthquake magnitude: 7.3. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1904 - 3rd Olympic Games / St. Louis, Mo. - "In 1904, the 3rd Olympic Games were held in Saint Louis, Missouri."  

1904 - Peter Pan - December 27th, 1904: "Sir James Barrie produced the play, Peter Pan And The Lost Boy's in England."

1904 - Birth / Joseph Cambell - "Born this year in history: Mythologist, Joseph Campbell [d. 1987]."

1904 - Birth / Kay-Dee Twitchell - "Reportedly born this year in history: Kay-Dee Twitchell. She was the older sister of Paul Twitchell, the modern day founder of Eckankar." [E.M.]  

1904 - Assassination / Premier von Plehve - "Premier von Plehve was murdered in 1904."

1904 - Earthquake Trivia / 1904 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1905

1905 - Physics Trivia - "In 1905, Albert Einstein was twenty-six. He had failed to find an academic job in spite of the fact that his early work on the physics of heat radiation alone would come to be seen as a major contribution of science. But that was just a warm-up. He soon zeroed in on the fundamental questions of physics: First, how could the relativity of motion be reconciled with Maxwell's laws of electricity and magnetism? He told us in his special theory of relativity. Should we think of the chemical elements as Newtonion atoms? Einstein proved we must. How can we reconcile the theories of light with the existence of atoms? Einstein told us how, and in the process showed that light is both a wave and a particle. All in the year 1905, in time stolen from his work as a patent examiner." [Based on: Lee Smolin, The Trouble with Physics, p. ix (5th paragraph - Introduction), copyright 2006]

1905 - Bloody Sunday / Russia - January 22nd, 1905: "In 1905, the first in a series of Russian revolutions was to happen. Nicholas II ordered the protesters shot. This massacre became known as 'Bloody Sunday.' Protests and riots continued to spread until Nicholas was forced to allow the people some form of constitutional government. A Duma, or Congress was elected in that year and began to provide representation for the people. Officials were elected, but the Czar always had the overriding power of veto. Three Dumas were elected, right until 1914, the beginning of World War I."

1905 - 100 mph Car / Napier - January 31st, 1905: "Napier first car to go more than 100 mph (104.65), 1905." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 101]

1905 - Great Earthquake / Kangra, India - April 4th, 1905: "Earthquake location: Kangra, India. Earthquake magnitude: 8.6. Number of recorded fatalities: 19,000."  [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]

1905 - Great Earthquake / Mongolia - July 9th, 1905: "Earthquake location: Mongolia. Earthquake magnitude: 8.4. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1905 - End / Russo-Japanese War - September 5th, 1905: Russo-Japanese War ends."

1905 - Assassination / Grand Duke Sergei - "Grand Duke Sergei the Czar's uncle was murdered in 1905."

1905 - Special Theory of Relativity - "Albert Einstein writes his paper on the Special Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2." 

1905 - A Humane Word For Satan - "Mark Twain publishes, A Humane Word For Satan."

1905 - Earthquake Trivia / 1905 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 2. Number of earthquake deaths: 19,000." [E.M.]

1906

1906 - Astronomic Configuration - "The Uranus-Neptune [Capricorn/Cancer] opposition of 1906-1910 brought Einstein's Theory of Relativity, the first Russian Revolution, and an intense transition into the twentieth century world-view. Dominated by USA and USSR, the century was to buzz with airplanes, cars, telephones and movies, isolating people into busy, complex, torn lives."

1906 - Forward Pass Made Legal / Football - January 12th, 1906: "Forward pass made legal in football, 1906." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 101]

1906 - Great Earthquake / Columbia-Ecuador - January 21st, 1906: "Earthquake location: Columbia-Ecuador. Earthquake magnitude: 8.8. Number of recorded fatalities: 1,000."  

1906 -  Major Earthquake / San Francisco, California - April 18th, 1906: "Earthquake location: San Francisco, California. Earthquake magnitude: 7.8. Number of recorded fatalities: 3,000."  

*Trivia: "At 5:13 a.m. on April 18, 1906, San Francisco experienced one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded. It is estimated that the quake was 7.7 to 7.9 on the Richter Scale. More than 3,000 people lost their lives in the quake and the fires that followed. The fires alone destroyed 28,000 buildings in the city - nearly every single one!"

[Based on: Everyday page article (The Great Quake of 1906), p. E4, S.L.P.D., 04/18/06]

1906 - Platt National Park / Oklahoma - June 29th, 1906: "The Platt National Park, Oklahoma, is established."

1906 - Mesa Verde National Park / Colorado - June 29th, 1906: "The Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, is established."

1906 - Vindication / Alfred Dreyfus - July 12th, 1906: "A French court vindicates Dreyfus."

1906 - Great Earthquake / Chile - August 17th, 1906: "Earthquake location: Valparaiso, Chile. Earthquake magnitude: 8.2. Number of recorded fatalities: 20,000."  

1906 - What is Man? - August, 1906: "Mark Twain publishes, What Is Man?"

1906 - 4th Olympic Games / Athens, Greece - "In 1906, the 4th Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece."

1906 - Constitutional Revolution / Iran - "On September of 1906, Mozzafar-ed-Din Shah Qajar (Kadjar) signed the Electoral Law of Persia. Then, on December 30, 1906, a few days before his death, he signed the Fundamental Law of Persia, providing the country with a constitution modeled on the Belgian and French examples. The 33 articles of the Electoral Law and the 51 articles of the Fundamental Law gave the country a bicameral legislature, separation of powers, checks and balances, an executive modeled on the French system with a monarch as head of state, and guarantees of fair representation and political rights for the people of Persia. This development brought Edward G. Browne, the famous chronicler of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, to proclaim jubilantly:

   Does history afford many instances of a nation making such conspicuous advances in public spirit and morality in so short a period as were made by the Persians during the period under discussion? I venture to think that parallels will not easily be found.

   "And though this early victory for constitutionalism would have its setback in 1908-09, constitutionalism would ultimately remain in Persia until its demise through a British engineered coup in 1925 against the legitimate government of Persia under Soltan Ahmad Shah." [Links: 1]

1906 - Burke Act - "Burke Act amends the General Allotment Act, giving the Secretary of the Interior authority to remove restrictions on allotted Indian lands."

1906 - Bear Market / U.S.A. - September 1906: "[....] The bear market began after the market peaked in September 1906. By November 1907, the total value of all listed U.S. shares had plunged 37 percent, according to Bruner, and at least 25 banks and 17 trust companies had collapsed. [....]" [Based on: Bloomberg News article (Goof Friday market close: More of panic or prayer?) by Chris Dolmetsch, p A36, S.L.P.D., 03/22/08]

1906 - Land Seizure / Pueblo Indians - "U.S. Federal government seizes fifty thousand acres of wilderness land, the Blue Lake region in the mountains of New Mexico, sacred to Taos Pueblo Indians, and makes it part of a national park."

1906 - Assassination / Gen. Dubrassov - "Gen. Dubrassov was murdered in 1906 (his soldiers put down the Jewish revolution of 1905.)."

1906 - Work Beginning / Panama Canal - "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers begins work on the Panama Canal."

1906 - Sonar - "Lewis Nixon invents sonar."

1906 - Bakelite - "Bakelite, the first thermo-setting plastic was formed in 1906 by the Belgian-born American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland."

1906 - U.S. Food & Drug Act - "Congress laid the foundation for modern food and drug law when it passed the Food and Drugs Act of 1906. The original Food and Drug Act was signed by President Theodore Roosevelt. The act prohibited interstate commerce in misbranded and adulterated foods, drinks, and drugs."

1906 - Published / Special Theory of Relativity - "Albert Einstein publishes his theory on the special theory of relativity."

1906 - Earthquake Trivia / 1906 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 3. Number of earthquake deaths: 24,000." [E.M.]

1907

1907 - Lenin Leaves Russia - February 3rd, 1907: "Nicolai Lenin leaves Russia."

2003 - Birth / Katharine Hepburn - May 12th, 1907: Born this date in history: Katharine Hepburn. She lived to age 96 [06/29/2003] and died of natural causes in Old Saybrook, Conn.

1907 - Crash / U.S. Stock Market - March 13th, 1907: "Financial panic plunges U.S. stock market. Economic depression begins."

*Trivia: "[....] 'The panic itself occurred in October 1907, although in March of 1907 there was a significant break in the market.' [NP] Jeffrey A. Hirsch, editor of 'Stock Trader's Almanac,' said that downturn started March 13, when the Dow Jones industrial average tumbled 3.9 percent, and continued the next day, when it lost 8.3 percent. Good Friday in 1907 fell on March 29, when, he said, the Dow climbed 2.5 percent. [NP] The bear market began after the market peaked in September 1906. By November 1907, the total value of all listed U.S. shares had plunged 37 percent, according to Bruner, and at least 25 banks and 17 trust companies had collapsed. [NP] Among them were New York's Knickerbocker Trust, where rumors of financial problems triggered a run on banks in the city and contributed to the crash, according to the NYSE's website. The crisis ultimately prompted the creation of the Federal Reserve system. [....]" [Based on: Bloomberg News article (Goof Friday market close: More of panic or prayer?) by Chris Dolmetsch, p A36, S.L.P.D., 03/22/08]

1907 - British New Zealand - September 27th, 1907: "New Zealand becomes a dominion of the British Empire."

1907 - Great Earthquake / Central Asia - October 21st, 1907: "Earthquake location: Central Asia. Earthquake magnitude: 8.1. Number of recorded fatalities: 12,000."  [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]

1907 - Oklahoma - November 16th, 1907: "The 46th American state. When the Oklahoma Territory, including the Indian Territory was admitted as a state. The citizens of Oklahoma sought to have Indian lands on the market and subject to taxation."

1907 - "Great White Fleet" / U.S.A. - December, 1907: "The 'Great White Fleet' sent on around the world by president Roosevelt."

1907 - Joseph Stalin / Russia - "Joseph Stalin robs the State Bank transport to finance the Bolshevik party in Russia."

1907 - Trivia / "Mother's Day" - "(1) One day each spring in ancient Greece, people held celebrations in honor of Rhea, whom they called Mother of the Gods. (2) During the 1600s, people in England celebrated a day called "Mothering Sunday." On that day servants were released from work to spend the day with their mothers. (3) In the U.S., the idea of Mother's Day was first suggested by Julia Ward Howe in 1872 as a day dedicated to peace. (4) In 1907, Ana Jarvis passed out carnations at her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia - one for each mother in the congregation. She did this in memory of her own mother. (5) In 1908, St. Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia held a Sunday service honoring mothers. (6) In 1909, Mother's Day services were held in all 46 states [U.S.A.] plus Canada and Mexico. (7) In 1912, West Virginia became the first state to adopt an official Mother's Day. (8) In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution establishing Mother's Day." [Based on: Everyday section, p. E6, S.L.P.D., 05/09/06]

1907 - Zionist Congress / The Hague - "In 1907, during the Zionist congress at The Hague, delegates of the Poale-Zion parties of various countries assembled at a conference and organized the Poale-Zion Weltverband ('World Organization') which watches over the international interests of the Poale-Zion in the Zionist and the Socialist worlds Fund, which is collected from Jews all over the world, is administered by the 'World Organization.'
   "Through its propaganda in the Socialist International and the English Labor Party the 'organization' has succeeded in securing a favorable attitude towards Zionist alma on the part of Socialists and labor leaders. As a result, a Jewish home in Palestine is one of the points in the peace program of the 'International' and of the English Labor Party." [Link: 1]

1907 - Japanese Immigration Ban / United States - "President Theodore Roosevelt signs legislation barring Japanese laborers from immigrating to the U.S."

1907 - Color Photography - "Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere."

1907 - General Theory of Relativity - "Albert Einstein begins work on his General Theory of Relitivity."

*Trivia: "Albert Einstein publishes [1915] his general theory of relativity." [Based on: Ultimate Visual Dictionary of Science, Timeline of Discoveries, p. 15, Barnes & Noble Books - 2005]

1907 - Administration / U.S Food & Drug Act - "The Bureau of Chemistry, headed by Dr. Wiley, began administering the Food and Drug Act."

1907 - Uncle Remus And Brer Rabbit - "Joel Chandler Harris publishes Uncle Remus And Brer Rabbit."

1907 - Earthquake Trivia / 1907 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1. Number of earthquake deaths: 12,000." [E.M.]

1908

1908 - Public Smoking Ban / U.S. Women, N.Y.C. - January 21st, 1908: "Smoking in public places in N.Y.C. became illegal for women, 1908." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 101]

1908 - Frederick Cook / North Pole - April 21st, 1908: "Frederick Cook claims to have reached the North Pole."

1908 - Sam Clemens / Connecticut - June 18th, 1908: "Sam Clemens moves into his new home, Stormfield in Redding, Connecticut."

1908 - Comet Impact? / Russia - June 30th, 1908: "A comet strikes the earth at Tunguska, Russia."

1908 - Belgian Congo - August 20th, 1908: "Leopold II hands over the Congo Free State to Belgium."

1908 - 1st Horror Film - "The first horror film premired [based on R. L. Stevenson's Dr. Jeckll and Mr. Hyde]."

1908 - Birth / Lyndon B. Johnson - August 27th, 1908: Reportedly born this date in history: Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th U.S. president."

1908 - 5th Olympic Games / London, England - "In 1908, the 5th Olympic Games were held in London, England."  

1908 - General Motors Co. - September 16th, 1908: "The General Motors company is incorporated."

1908 - 1st Model "T" Ford - October 1st, 1908: "The first Ford model 'T' automobile, is manufactured in Detroit, Michigan. Price, $850."

1908 - 1st Driver's Licenses' / U.S.A. - "In 1908,  Rhode Island issued the first driver's licenses' in the U.S.A." [E.M.]

1908 - Major Earthquake / Italy - December 28th, 1908: "Earthquake location: Messina, Italy. Earthquake magnitude: 7.5. Number of recorded fatalities: 83,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 208]

1908 - Earthquake Trivia / 1908 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1. Number of earthquake deaths: 83,000." [E.M.]

1909

1909 - N.A.A.C.P. - February 12th, 1909: "The N.A.A.C.P. is founded."

1909 - Fatality / Geronimo - February 17th, 1909: "Geronimo, Chiricahua Apache indian chief, dies."

1909 - U.S. President William Taft - March 4th, 1909: "The  27th American President, William Taft [Republican], begins his term."

1909 - Motion Picture Censorship - "The National Board of Censorship of Motion Pictures formed and begins censoring film content."

1909 - Passed / 16th U.S. Amendment - July 12th, 1909: "16th U.S. Constitutional amendment ['Income Tax authorized'] passed." [Link: 1]

1909 - Halley's Comet - September 11th, 1909: "Halley's Comet is photographed nearing the Sun."

1909 - Birth? / Paul Twitchell - October 1909: "One of the more credible birthdate's attributed to Paul Twitchell, the modern day founder [1965] of ECKANKAR, the Religion of the Light & Sound of God." [E.M.] 

1909 - Astronomic Configuration - October 22nd, 1909: "Sun [27 Libra], Moon [24 Capricorn], Mercury [12 Libra D], Venus [11 Sagittarius], Mars [25 Pisces R], Jupiter [2 Libra], Saturn [19 Aries R], Uranus [17 Capricorn], Neptune [19 Cancer], Pluto [26 Gemini R]."  

1909 - Earthquake / Kentucky - October 23rd, 1909: "One of the 13 earthquakes listed for 1909 occurred shortly after midnight of October 22. It was a 4.5 magnitude quake, centered on the Mississippi River, about 30 miles from Paul’s [Paul Twitchell's] first home in Paducah, Kentucky." [Based on: Dialogue in the Age of Criticism, Chap. One]  

*Trivia: 4.5 is NOT a great earthquake. NOT a major earthquake. NOT even a strong earthquake by today's standards. - D.R.D.

1909 - NHL - "The National Hockey Association is formed."

*Trivia: "National Hockey League formed [November 22nd], 1917." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 97]

1909 - 1st Military Airplane - "First military airplane built by Wilbur and Orville Wright."

1909 - Trivia / "Mother's Day" - "[....] In 1909, Mother's Day services were held in all 46 states [U.S.A.] plus Canada and Mexico. [....]" [Based on: Everyday section, p. E6, S.L.P.D., 05/09/06]

1909 - Electron Measurement - "First accurate measurement of the electrical charge of the electron."

1909 - Fatality / Chief Red Cloud - "In 1909, Chief Red Cloud of the Oglala Sioux, died."

1909 - 1st American Credit Union - "First American Credit Union organized in New Hampshire."

1909 - Status / Native American Reservation Lands - "Teddy Roosevelt issues executive orders transferring 2.5 million acres of timbered Indian reservation lands to national forests."

1909 - A New Planet - "Mark Twain publishes, A New Planet."

1909 - The Story of the Negro - "Booker T. Washington publishes, The Story of the Negro."

1909 - Earthquake Trivia / 1909 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1910

1910 - Opera / Live Radio - January 13th, 1910: "Opera was heard live for first time on radio, 1910." [Based on: The Old Farmer's Almanac (2006) by Robert B. Thomas, p. 101]

1910 - Mark Twain / The Turning Point In My Life - February, 1910: "Mark Twain publishes, The Turning Point In My Life."

1910 - Perihelion / Halley's Comet - April 20th, 1910 A.D.: "1P/1909 R1, 1910 II, 1909c (20 April 1910)"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet] - [T.D. - 06/12/07] 

*Trivia: The April 1910 approach was notable for several reasons: it was the first approach of which photographs exist, and the comet made a relatively close approach, making it a spectacular sight. Indeed, on May 18, the comet transited the Sun's disk, and the Earth actually passed through its tail. At the time, the comet's tail was thought to contain poisonous cyanogen and gas. The popular media picked up this fact and, despite the pleas of astronomers, wove sensational tales of mass cyanide poisoning engulfing the planet. In reality, the gas is so diffuse that the world suffered no ill-effects from the passage through the tail. [NP] Many people who claim to remember seeing the 1910 apparition are in fact remembering a different comet, the Great Daylight Comet of 1910, which surpassed Halley in brilliance and was actually visible in broad daylight for a short time about four months before Halley made its appearance." [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet] - [T.D. 06/12/07]

1910 - Fatality / Samuel Langhorne Clemens - April 21st, 1910: "Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Mark Twain, dies."

1910 - Birth / Al Lewis - April 30th, 1910: "Reportedly born on this date in history: Actor (Grandpa - The Munsters), Al Lewis."

1910 - Trivia / Halley's Comet - May 1910: "[....] ... As the comet reached its greatest magnitude and brilliance in May of 1910, its tail stretching over more than half the vault of heaven ..., King Edward VII of Great Britain died. On the European continent, a series of political upheavals culminated in the outbreak of World War I in 1914. [NP] The belief, or superstition, associating Halley's comet with wars and upheavals was fed by much that was coming to light about events that coincided with its previous appearances. The Seminole Indians' revolt against the white settlers of Florida in 1835, the Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in 1618, the Turkish seige of Belgrade in 1456, the outbreak of the Black Death (bubonic plague) in 1347 - all were accompanied or preceded by the appearance of a great comet, which was finally recognized as Halley's Comet, thus establishing its role as the messenger of God's wrath. [....]" [Based on: Genesis Revisited (Copyright 1990), by Zecharia Sitchin, pp. 65-66]

1910 - Record Rain / Cherrapunji, India - July 12th, 1910: "India's financial capital was paralyzed Wednesday [07/27/05] by the strongest rains ever recorded in the nation, with torrential downpours marooning drivers, snapping communication lines and leaving at least 200 people dead statewide. [....] While Wednesday's precipitation was still being totaled, officials said parts of the city had been hit by up to 37.1 inches of rain Tuesday [07/26/05], much of it falling just over a few hours. India's previous heaviest rainfall, recorded in the northeastern town of Cherrapunji - one of the rainiest places on earth - was 33 inches on July 12, 1910, said R.V. Sharma, director of the meteorological department in Bombay [....]" [Based on: A.P., 07/28/05]

1910 - "Stolen Generation" / Australia - 1910 - 1970: "Australia will apologize [February 13th, 2008?] for theft of children / Aborigines were taken from families from 1910 to 1970." [Based on: Title & Subtitle for A.P. article, p A8, S.L.P.D., 01/31/08]

1910 - Prohibition / Native American Sun Dance - "The United States government forbade the Sun Dance among the plains Indians, giving the use of self-torture as the reason."

1910 - Talking Motion Picture - "Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture."

1911

1911 - Volcanic Eruption / Mt. Taal, Philippines - "Volcanic eruption date(s): January 30th, 1911. Number of recorded deaths: 1,400." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 491]

1911 - Dissolution / U.S. Standard Oil Co. - May 15th, 1911: "Supreme Court dissolves the Standard Oil Company, the largest corporation in America, for violating anti-trust rules." [Link: 1]

1911 - Strong Earthquake / California - July 1st, 1911: "Earthquake location: Calaveras fault, California. Earthquake magnitude: 6.5. Number of recorded fatalities: 0."  

1911 - Sun Yat-sen / Republic of China - "The republic [1911-1949] that Sun Yat-sen and his associates envisioned evolved slowly. Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in Beijing in March 1925, but the Nationalist movement he had helped to initiate was gaining momentum."

1911 - Assassination / Peter Stolypin, Russia - "Peter Stolypin, the Prime Minister, offered vast new tracts of land to the peasants which threatened the Communist Jews of their base of support among poor Gentiles. Thus the Jew terrorist, Mordecai Bogrov, assassinated Stolypin in September 1911. He shot him in the back of the head during a gala in Kiev attended by the Czar and his Court. The Jew tailor Yevno Azev was convicted of heading the assassination squads and executed in 1911. He was also a founder of the Social Revolutionary Party." [Link: 1]

1911 - Discovered / Machu Picchu - "Hanging from the clouds, the citadel of Machu Picchu- unknown to the Spanish conquerors of the Incas- remained hidden from the outside world until discovered by explorer Hiram Bingham in 1911. Here the 'Sons of the Sun,' as the Inca lords called themselves, worshiped their host of gods, including the mighty Inti, who personified the sun itself.  A sacred rock is called the 'hitching post of the sun,' reflecting a tradition that worshipers once tethered the god to it, lest they stray too far from their domain." [Link: 1]

1911 - Electric Ignition - "Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system."

1911 - Atomic Nucleus - "Atomic Nucleus discovered by physicist Ernest Rutherford." [Based on: Ultimate Visual Dictionary of Science, Timeline of Discoveries, p. 15, Barnes & Noble Books - 2005]

1911 - Particle Accelerators - "Most physicists became convinced of the existence of atoms, during the twenty years spanning the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth. The first experiments that can be said to have detected atoms, which used the first, primitive elementary particle accelerators, were not done until just after this period, in 1911/12." [Lee Smolin, Three Roads To Quantum Gravity]

1911 - Trivia / U.S. Food & Drug Act - "In US vs. Johnson, the Supreme Court ruled that the 1906 act did not prohibit false therapeutic claims but prohibited only false and misleading claims as to the identity of the drug. The Sherley Amendment, enacted to overcome the ruling in US vs. Johnson, prohibited labeling medicines with false therapeutic claims intended to defraud the purchaser. Inadequacies in the Food and Drug Act of 1906 had shown up almost from the time of its passage. The Bureau of Chemistry in the Department of Agriculture, charged with administering the law, had sought several revisions [the Sherley Amendment and the Net Weight Act of 1913], which required a declaration of the quantity on packaged food products."

1911 - Matter and Memory - "First published in 1911 by Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory. 6th impression: 1950."

1911 - Volcano Trivia / 1911 - "Number of volcanic eruptions [and, or] notable volcanic events this year: at least 1. Number of deaths: 1,400." [E.M.]

1911 - Earthquake Trivia / 1911 - "Number of notable earthquakes this year: at least 1." [E.M.]

1912

1912 - Jewish Socialist Federation - "The birth of the Jewish Socialist Federation in 1912 must be recognized as the most important landmark in the history of the Jewish Socialist movement in this country [U.S.A.]. The Federation was the outgrowth of a previous organization, the Jewish Socialist Agitation Bureau which for a period of seven years led a precarious and inconsequential existence. The Agitation Bureau was organized at a time when the idea of Jewish nationalism began to spread its roots in the minds of the Jewish workmen. It is to the glory of the Jewish Socialist Bund in Russia that the question of nationalism, which in the minds of the Socialists of the older generation was synonymous with oppression and subjection, was forced into the foreground. The idea became ever more popular that nationalism and internationalism are by no means mutually exclusive terms, and that genuine internationalism is possible only when all nations are guaranteed full and equal rights.
   "The heroic fight of the Bund against the old Russian autocracy caused thousands of its members and followers many of them exiles to Siberia or under rigid surveillance by the gendarmes, to flee to this country [U.S.A.]! But they would not resign themselves to inactivity, and as a result a net of Bund branches was spread throughout the United States and Canada. For a number of years these branches, whose primary object was to collect funds for the Bund in Russia, were the most active and influential bodies in the Jewish radical world. Their members formed the vanguard of the Workmen's Circle (Arbeiter Ring).
   "This anomaly became particularly striking after the great influx of political refugees which the abortive Russian revolution of 1905 had swept to these shores.
   "Zionist-Socialism however, was enriched by an extraordinary new force: B. Boruchev, he introduced a theory which was necessarily very popular among the Jewish masses, who were at that time Socialistic through and through. He contended that only through a land of their own in Zion could the Jewish people have a proletariat, and that Zionism ought therefore to join forces with Socialism. Zionism thus received a Marxist basis, and appealed strongly to the masses.
   "Boruchov, with the assistance of other intellectual comrades - a number of them students - took charge of a number of periodicals in Russian and Yiddish, which the Russian Government suppressed one after the other. (In Russian: 'The Jewish Workmen's Chronicle' and 'The Hammer'; In Yiddish: 'The Proletarian Idea,' the 'Forward,' and an edition of books called the 'Hammer.')" [Link: 1]

1912 - New Mexico - January 6th, 1912: "The 47th American state."

1912 - End / Chinese Qing Dynasty - February 10th, 1912: "End of China's Qing Dynasty."

1912 - Gregorian Calendar / China - "In 1912, the Chinese adopted the Gregorian calendar."

1912 - Arizona - February 14th, 1912: "The 48th American state."

1912 - Titanic Sinking - April 15th, 1912: "The Titanic hit an iceberg and sank."

1912 - Passed / 17th U.S. Amendment - May 13th, 1912: "17th U.S. Constitutional amendment  ['Senators elected by popular vote'] passed." [Link: 1]

1912 - 6th Olympic Games / Stockholm, Sweden - "The games enter the modern age, using electronic timing devices and a public address system for the first time. American Jim Thorpe wins the pentathlon and decathlon. Thorpe later a