1980
1980s- Nanotechnology? / U.S. Military - "The
American Defense Department will spend $201 million on scientific research
in the year 2003. Spending is growing: $180 million were spent on the research
in 2002, $123 billion in 2001, and $70 million in 2000. Cliff Lau, deputy
undersecretary of defense said that nanotechnology [atomic technology] could
exert the biggest influence on defense technology since the time when gunpowder
was invented.
"The USA started conducting its first research in the field
in the beginning of the 1980s. Currently, nanotechnologies are used in the
American navy, in particular for the production of long-lasting protective
clothing for safety. The sum that will be spent on nanotechnology by the
American administration in 2003 totals $570 million, which is almost $60
million more than 2001. [....]" [Based on: Pravada, May 27th,
2002]
1980 - President Saddam Hussein / Iraq -
"In 1980, Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq."
1980 - Saddam Hussein / Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - August 5th, 1980: "On
August 5, 1980, as tensions mounted on the Iran-Iraq border, Saudi rulers
welcomed Saddam to Riyadh for the first state visit ever by an Iraqi president
to Saudi Arabia. During meetings at the kingdom’s ornate palaces, the
Saudis feted Saddam whose formidable Soviet-supplied army was viewed as a
bulwark against Iran. Saudi leaders also say they urged Saddam to take the
fight to Iran’s fundamentalist regime, advice that they say included
a 'green light' for the invasion from President Carter. Less than two months
after Saddam’s trip, with Carter still frustrated by his inability to
win release of the 52 Americans imprisoned in Iran, Saddam invaded Iran on
Sept. 22, 1980. The war would rage for eight years and kill an estimated
one million people." [Link:
1]
1980 - War / Iran & Iraq - September 20th, 1980: "The Iran-Iraq
War begins with an Iraqi invasion of western Iran over a long-standing dispute
over the Shatt-al-Arab waterway between Iraq and Iran. It is believed that
between 1980-1988 Iraq used chemical weapons and worked on biological weapons."
[Link: 1]
1980 - U.S. Backing / Saddam Hussain
- "As the Afghan war intensified, a more conventional and equally bloody
conflict was raging between Iran and Iraq. Saddam Hussain's aggression
was enthusiastically backed by the
USA, but Washington was not unduly
dismayed when the Israeli air force attacked and destroyed Iraq's nuclear
plant at Osirak."
1980 - Ronald Reagan & George H.W.
Bush - November 4th, 1980: "In November Republicans Ronald Reagan
and George Herbert Walker Bush win the presidential election, defeating Democrats
Jimmy Carter and Walter F. Mondale."
1980 - U.S. Aid / Mujahedin - "The 1980
US presidential election was won by Ronald Reagan, at 69 the oldest man ever
to win that office, and arguably the most rightwing. The Reagan Revolution,
as it was called, was Thatcherism with, as it were, a knob on. Even in the
last months of Jimmy Carter's ill-starred presidency, US policy lurched sharply
to the right. America led a Western boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics in
protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and
started massive shipments of arms and cash to the
Mujahedin, the assorted bands of brigands fighting the Russian
occupiers."
*Trivia: "The Afghan war against Soviet forces was a multi-billion
dollar operation - largely paid for by CIA and the Saudi ruling class. U.S.
contributions exploded, from $30 million in 1980 to over $600 million per
year after 1987. 65,000 tons of U.S.-made weapons and ammunition a year were
entering the war by 1987- including the high-profile Stingers used against
Soviet helicopters. By the end of the 1980s, Mudjahadeen commanders were
openly meeting with U.S. congressional leaders and with Ronald Reagan himself
- they were part of a global network of such CIA-organized cutthroats that
included the contras of Central America and UNITA in southern Africa. The
U.S. media shamelessly called all these forces 'freedom fighters.' " [Link:
1]
*Trivia: "Authorities are launching a
new push [2005] to collect U.S.-made Stinger missles that had been distributed
to Afghans fighting Soviet troops in the 1980s, an Afghan official said Sunday
[01/30/05]. The goal is to keep the weapons from terrorists and governments,
he said. The Afghan intelligence service is offering to buy the anti-aircraft
missles for an undisclosed sum, continuing a CIA program to recover the weapons."
[From News Services, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A9, 01/31/05]
*Trivia: "Alfred McCoy, a leading researcher
into the global drug trade, writes that within two years of the CIA intervention
in Afghanistan, 'the Pakistan-Afghanistan borderlands became the world's
top heroin producer, supplying 60 percent of U.S. demand.' Cheap heroin flooded
Pakistan, where the number of addicts went from near zero in 1979 to over
1 million by 1985. Charles Cogan, a CIA director of the Afghan operation,
later said: 'Our main mission was to do as much damage as possible to the
Soviets. We didn't really have the resources or the time to devote to an
investigation of the drug trade...I don't think that we need to apologize
for this. Every situation has its fallout.' " [Link:
1]
1980 - Sagebrush Rebellion - "Around 1980, Coors
and Co. spearheaded the Sagebrush Rebellion, a coalition of industrial
heavyweights and right-wing ideologues that set out to turn their think-tank
policies into political power. When candidate Ronald Reagan declared, 'I
am a Sagebrush rebel,' the big polluters were elated. Reagan's victory gave
the Heritage Foundation and the MSLF a national arena for their radical agenda.
Heritage became known as Reagan's 'shadow government,' and its 2,000-page
manifesto, Mandate for Change, became the blueprint for his
administration." [Robert F. Kennedt Jr., Crimes Against Nature,
p. 25]
1980 - Voyager 1 Flyby
/ Saturn - November 12th, 1980: "The U.S.
spacecraft Voyager 1 [launched September 1977] sends back its first pictures
of Saturn." [Link:
1]
1980 - Satellite Launch / Intelsat V - December
6th, 1980: "The first of the powerful Intelsat V communications satellites,
with 12,000 volt circuits, is launched on 6-December."
[Link:
1]
1980 - Fatality / John Lennon - December
8th, 1980: "Former Beatle John Lennon [b. 1940] is shot and killed in New
York City by Mark David Chapman."
1980 - 1st U.S. Space Shuttle / Columbia - December
29th, 1980: "The first operational orbiter Columbia is rolled out to the
launch pad on 29 December, looking to a launch in the following spring."
[Link:
1]
1980 - CNN - "Ted Turner [b. 1938] starts
Cable News Network [CNN]. CNN Headline news began in
1982."
1980 - Status / U.S. National Debt -
"The national debt was slightly less than $1 trillion in 1980; in
1995 it was $5 trillion." [Based on: article by Juri Lina, The Barnes
Review, September/October 2004, p. 11]
1980 - Trivia / Genetic Patents - "The U.S.
Supreme Court rules in Diamond v. Chakrabarty that microbes created by genetic
engineering can be patented."
1980 - Status / U.S. Computers - "Reportedly,
there are a million computers in the United States at this time."
*Trivia: "The National Safety Council (NSC)
estimates that 315 million computers will be junked in 2004, up from 20 million
in 1998. In 1998 (the last year this was monitored), only 11 percent of the
PCs that were thrown out were recycled. Unfortunately, old PCs tossed
into landfills contain dangerous chemicals and metals that can leak toxins
into the environment - a good reason to recycle your machine when you buy
a new one." [Based on: Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac, p. 3]
1981
1981 - End / Iran Hostage Crisis - "On
January 6, 1981, after 444 days in captivity and one failed rescue attempt,
the hostages were set free. It was Jimmy Carter's last day as U.S. President.
After their release, the role that Canadians played in rescuing the six
Americans, was revealed to the world. The role that Canada played in the
hostage taking, changed its perception of being a neutral country, to being
an active participant." [Links:
1]
1981 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan
- January 20th, 1981: "The 40th American President, [Republican], begins
his term. On the day of Reagan's presidential inauguration, Iran finally
freed its 52 U.S. hostages [held hostage for 444 days] after the U.S. freed
$8 billion in frozen Iranian assets. Ronald Reagan inherited 10% inflation
20% interest rates."
*Trivia: "George Herbert Walker Bush
becomes the 43rd U.S. vice-president; Reagan immediately announces a simultaneous
tax cut and massive military buildup, a program that comes to be known as
Reaganomics."
*Trivia: "President Reagan initiated
a policy of cutbacks of funds for Indian social programs. Over forty percent
of funds were cut."
1981 - Radioactive Coolant Leak / Tennessee
- February 11th, 1981: "8 workers were contaminated when 100,000 gallons
of radioactive coolant fluid leaked into containment building of TVA's Sequoyah
1 plant in Tennessee." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 210]
1981 - U.S. Paranoia / El Salvador
- February 19th, 1981: "The U.S. State Department called El Salvador a 'textbook
case' of a Communist plot."
1981 - Disclosure / U.S. Biological Weapons
Tests [1966], Texas - March 18th, 1981: "The U.S. disclosed that there
were biological weapons tested in Texas in 1966."
1981 - Damaged U.S. Embassy / San Salvador
- March 25th, 1981: "The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador was damaged when gunmen
attack, firing rocket propelled grenades and machine guns."
1981 - Assassination Attempt / Ronald Reagan
- March 30th, 1981: "David Hinckley shot and
wounded President Ronald Reagan outside a Washington, D.C., hotel. Press
Sec. James Brady took a bullet as did Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy
and a District of Columbia police officer."
1981 - Decline / U.S. Stock Market -
April, 1981: "The US stock market began a 16 month decline of 23%."
1981 - Launched / 1st U.S. Space Shuttle [Columbia]
- April 12, 1981: "John Young and Robert Crippen flew Columbia into orbit
on 12-April on the space shuttle's maiden mission (STS- 1). It lasted
for 36 orbits, 54 hours, launched from the Kennedy Space Center, it returned
to the Edwards Air Force Base in California, on 14-April."
[Link:
1]
1981 - Introduced / IBM Computer - April
24th, 1981: "The IBM Personal Computer was introduced. It used software from
a corporation called Microsoft."
1981 - Radiation Exposure / Tsuruga, Japan -
April 25th, 1981: "Some 100 workers were exposed to radiation during repairs
of a nuclear plant Tsuruga, Japan." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 210]
1981 - Assassination Attempt / Pope John Paul
II - May 13th, 1981: "John Paul II
was shot twice and seriously wounded in St. Peter's
Square by Turkish assailant Mehmet Ali Agca. The Pope survived the attack
on his life."
1981 - Identification / AIDS - June 5th,
1981: "The Federal Centers for Disease Control published the first report
that identified AIDS. Within 10 years the disease killed 110,000
Americans."
1981 - Israeli Destruction / Iraq Power
Plant - June 7th, 1981: "Israeli F-16 fighter-bombers destroyed a nuclear
power plant in Iraq at Osirak, Iraq, before it went into operation, a facility
the Israelis charged could have been used to make nuclear weapons."
1981 - Royal Wedding / England -
July 29th, 1981: "Crowds packed London streets
and millions watched worldwide on television as Charles,
32, and Diana, 20, exchanged vows at St. Paul's Cathedral." [Link:
1]
1981 - Debut
/ MTV - August 1st, 1981: "The rock music
video channel MTV made its debut."
1981 - Unveiled / IBM Computer - August 12th,
1981: "IBM unveils its first personal computer [PC]; it sold for $2665, had
a black and white monitor and 64KB of RAM; Microsoft purchases the QDOS [Quick
and Dirty Operating System] from Tim Patterson's Seattle Computer Products
and manages to license it to IBM as MS-DOS."
1981 - Voyager 1 Flyby / Saturn - "On 25-August
Voyager 1 made its closest approach, 63,000 miles (IO 1,000 km), to Saturn."
*Trivia: "In 1981, both Voyagers, I & 2, flew by Saturn."
1981 - CIA Program / Contra Rebel Group
- September, 1981: "The CIA was informed that a major Contra rebel group
planned to sell drugs in the US to pay its bills. At the same time
the Reagan administration was approving a covert CIA
program to finance anti-Sandinista exile organization
attempts to overthrow the Nicaraguan government."
*Trivia: "Oscar Danilo Blandon was recruited
by Norwin Meneses to sell cocaine in California in order to raise money for
the Nicaraguan Contras."
1981 - U.S. Paramilitary Operations /
Nicaragua - "In 1981, U.S. President Ronald
Reagan gave the CIA permission to begin paramilitary operations against the
Sandinista government in Nicaragua. Robert Suazo Cordova of the centrist
Liberal Party of Honduras [PLH] becomes the first democratically-elected
president of Honduras in more than a century." [Link:
1]
1981 - 1st Female
U.S. Justice - September 25th, 1981: "Sandra
Day O'Connor was sworn in as the first female justice on the U.S.
Supreme Court."
1981 - Removal / James Watt & Co. - "By
October 1981, 1.1 million Americans had signed a petition demanding Watt's
[secretary of the Department of the Interior] removal. After being forced
out of office, he was indicted on 25 felony counts of perjury, unlawful
concealment, and obstruction of justice. Gorsuch [Anne Gorsuch] and 23 of
her cronies were forced to resign following a congressional investigation
of sweetheart deals with polluters, including Coors. Her first deputy, Rita
LaVelle, was jailed for perjury and obstruction of justice." [Robert F. Kennedt
Jr., Crimes Against Nature, p. 26]
1981 - Assassination / Anwar Sadat - October
6th, 1981: "Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was killed by an assassin at the
parade ground of Nasser City by Islamic fundamentalists during a ceremony
commemorating the Egyptian crossing of the Suez Canal during the Yom Kippur
War in 1973. Although authorities were warned of a death plot hours earlier,
the information did not get to the president in time. He was succeeded by
Vice President Hosni Mubarak. The events are described in a book by Fouad
Allam: 'The Brotherhood and I'." [Link:
1]
1981 - Unabomber / Theodore Kaczynski
- October 8th, 1981: "An explosive device
at the University of Utah was defused. It was later attributed to the Unabomber
Theodore Kaczynski."
1981 - Harold Klemp / The 973rd Living ECK Master
- October, 1981: "Although Gross [Darwin Gross, the 972nd Living
ECK Master] was selected [1971] by the board of Eckankar as well as Twitchell's
widow [Gail Atkinson], he brought controversy to Eckankar because many followers
felt he was an unworthy successor to the former ECK Master [Paul Twitchell,
the 971st Living ECK Master, 1965-1971]. Ultimately, Gross lost all of the
powers and responsibilities associated with the title of Living ECK Master
and was succeeded by Harold Klemp, the 973rd and present [2006] Living ECK
Master. Gross and Eckankar became involved with a number of lawsuits disputing
Gross's use of copyrighted Eckankar terminology." [See link:
] [Bracket
emphasis added by E.M.]
*Further Reading
...
1981 - Spying / U.S.A. - December 4th,
1981: "President Reagan broadened the power of the CIA by allowing spying
in the U.S."
1981 - Predicted / U.S. Deficit - December
7th, 1981: "The Reagan Administration predicted a record deficit in 1982
of $109 billion."
1981 - Civilian Fatalities / El Salvador
- December 10th, 1981: "Hundreds of people
were killed in the El Salvadoran village of El Mozote by an elite US-trained
army battalion. Eleven years later under a UN sponsored Truth Commission,
the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team found 143 skeletons, 131 of which
belonged to children under 12. The bullet cartridges showed manufacture in
Lake city, Missouri."
1981 - Israeli Annexation / Golan Heights
- December 14th, 1981: "Israel annexed the Golan Heights, seized from Syria
in 1967. The parliament approved the annexation of the Golan Heights with
legislation in one day."
1981 - 1st American Test-Tube Baby - December
28th, 1981: "Elizabeth Jordan Carr, the first American test-tube baby, was
born in Norfolk, Va."
1981 - Civil War / Somalia - "In
1981, northern Somalia rebelled against dictator Mohammed
Siad Barre. A national civil war followed. During the war an estimated 40,000
people were killed and about 400,000 refugees fled to Ethiopia."
1981 - Guatemala Crackdown - "In
Guatemala 100,000 Maya villagers were killed in a
government crackdown on a left-wing insurgency."
1981 - Kosovo Albanian
Uprising - "In 1981, Yugoslavia Serbs
cracked down on an ethnic Albanian uprising in Kosovo
and left 80 people dead. Massive demonstrations occurred in Kosova. Demonstrators
demanded that Kosova become a republic in Yugoslavia. Yugoslav police
and army presence was increased in Kosova."
1981 - Ayatollah Khomeini / Iran -
"In Iran the Ayatollah Khomeini began the celebration of 'Jerusalem Day'
on the last day of Ramadan as an annual denunciation of Israeli control of
the holy city."
1981 - Established
/ Gulf Corporation - "Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman established the
Gulf Cooperation Council to strengthen economic and cultural ties with security
at the top of the agenda."
1981 - Japanese
Bailout / U.S. Economy - "Japan bailed out
the US economy by loading up on 30-year government bonds."
1981 - Defense Minister Ariel Sharon
/ Israel - "In Israel Ariel Sharon
was appointed defense minister in the Begin
government."
1981 - Trivia / Ozone Depletion - "Scientists
of the British Antarctic Survey first noticed a depletion of the ozone in
the earth's atmosphere over the South Pole."
1981 - Trivia / U.S. Opium Imports - "The
US Drug Enforcement Administration [DEA] instituted the 80/20 rule for
opium/poppy imports. 80% of the US need for opium was set to be imported
from India and Turkey. Turkish farmers provided poppy heads while Indian
farmers produced gum opium."
1981 - FDA Approval / Aspartame, U.S.A.
- "The FDA approved the use of aspartame, an artificial sweetener."
1982
1982 - U.S Aid / Iraq - "Through the
eight-year Iran-Iraq war, as first one side and then the other gained the
upper hand, the Reagan administration was officially neutral but behind the
scenes tilted from one side to the other. When Iran appeared to be winning
in 1982, Reagan and his advisers made a fateful decision to secretly supply
Saddam’s military, including permitting shipments of dual-use technology
that Iraq then used to build chemical and biological weapons. Tactical military
assistance also was provided, including satellite photos of the battlefield.
While congressional inquiries and press accounts have sketched out some of
these facts over the years, the current Bush administration continues to
plead ignorance or question the reliability of the stories. Last September
[2002], for example, Newsweek reported that the Reagan administration in
the 1980s had allowed sales to Iraq of computer databases that Saddam could
use to track political opponents and shipments of 'bacteria/fungi/protozoa'
that could help produce anthrax and other biological weapons. [Based on:
Newsweek issue dated Sept. 23, 2002]" [Link
1]
1982 - U.S. Aid / Saddam Hussein - "Teicher,
who served on Reagan’s National Security Council staff, traced the U.S.
tilt to Iraq to a turning point in the war in 1982 when Iran gained the offensive
and fears swept through the U.S. government that Iran’s army might slice
through Iraq to the oil fields of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 'In June 1982,
President Reagan decided that the United States could not afford to allow
Iraq to lose the war to Iran,' Teicher wrote in his affidavit. Teicher said
he helped draft a secret national security decision directive that Reagan
signed to authorize covert U.S. assistance to Saddam Hussein’s
military. 'The NSDD, including even its identifying number, is classified,'
Teicher wrote in 1995. The effort to arm the Iraqis was 'spearheaded' by
CIA Director William Casey and involved his deputy, Robert Gates, according
to Teicher’s affidavit. 'The CIA, including both CIA Director Casey
and Deputy Director Gates, knew of, approved of, and assisted in the sale
of non-U.S. origin military weapons, ammunition and vehicles to Iraq,' Teicher
wrote." [Link
1]
1982 - CIA-Backed Muslim Military Training - "Ahmed Rashid, author
of Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia,
estimates that after 1982 more than 100,000 Muslims from dozens of
countries received political or military training in the
CIA-backed camps of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
"According to Ahmed Rashid, Osama bin Laden helped build
the Khost tunnel complex, a major arms storage depot, training facility
and medical center built with CIA funds. Nearby, Bin Laden established
a military camp for about 9,000 followers of Wahabbism, the Islamic creed
promoted by the Saudi monarchy and Afghanistan's dominant Pashtun nationality.
This Khost camp became the headquarters for al-Qaida [which means
'military base'] and in 1998 was a target of Bill Clinton's cruise missile
attack on Afghanistan." [Link:
1]
1982 - Defeated / U.S. Equal Rights Amendment - June 30th, 1982: "The Equal
Rights Amendment was defeated after a 10-year struggle, when the deadline
for ratification expired June 30." [Based on: The World
Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 553]
1982 - Israeli Invasion / Lebanon - "In
mid 1982 Israeli forces invaded Lebanon, rapidly advancing
on Beirut, driving Palestinian guerrillas north, and establishing
a permanent occupation zone in the south. Palestinian civilians left in Beirut
were massacred by the fascist Christian militias. The USA belatedly intervened,
sending a small detachment of Marines as part of a multinational force to
restore some kind of order in the Lebanese capital." [Links:
1]
*Trivia: "Israel invades. President-elect Bashir Gemayel, head of
Israeli-allied Christian militia, is killed in bombing. Israeli-allied
Lebanese militias kill hundreds of Palestinians in refugee camps."
[Based on: A.P., 02/15/05]
*Trivia:
"Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon: ... born to Russian immigrant
parents in the farming community of Kfar Malal, north of Tel Aviv. During
a 29-year military career that spawned four wars, he gained a reputation
as a daring but maverick officer. As defense minister, he oversaw the 1982
invasion of Lebanon. He resigned in 1983 after an Israeli commission found
him indirectly responsible for an Israeli-allied Lebanese militia's massacre
of hundreds of Palestinian refugees at the Sabra and Chatilla camps." [St.
Louis post-Dispatch, p. A8, 02/09/05]
*Trivia: "In a videotape made public
just days before the U.S. presidential election in 2004, Osama bin-Laden
talked about when he first started to hate the United States. He referred
to the year 1982, when the United States allowed Israel to invade Lebanon."
[E.M.]
1982 - Created / Hezbollah - "Hezbollah,
also spelled Hizballah, means 'party of God'. It is a Shiite Muslim organization
headquartered in Lebanon whose goal is a fundamentalist Islamic state there
and beyond, and the obliteration of Israel. It was
created in 1982 after the Israeli invasion
of Lebanon."
1982 - National Debt / Germany - "The
current interest system makes it possible for those that already have money
to get even richer, while those in need find it increasingly hard to make
ends meet. From 1968 to 1982 the national income of West Germany increased
by 300 percent, while the interest on the national debt increased by 1,160
percent. In 1982 that interest amounted to 29 billion DM. When interest is
abolished, inflation vanishes. Kennedy [Margrit Kennedy] stressed in her
book [Interest and Inflation Free Money (1988)] that the income tax
must also be abolished. The government will have to be satisfied with a very
low VAT; otherwise the gray economy will grow. As of now interest rates go
up when there is not enough money available." [Based on: article by Juri
Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October 2004, p. 14]
*Trivia: "The European Community during
the years 1982-88 lost up to 735,000 jobs due to the debt crisis, while the
United States lost 1.8 million jobs during the same period." [Based on:
article by Juri Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October 2004, p.
14]
1982? - Minamata Poisoning Case / Japan - "Japan's
top court ordered the government Friday [10/15/04] to pay $703,000 in damages
to victims of the Minamata Bay mercury poisining. The ruling came 22 years
after the case was filed over an industrial pollution disaster that killed
more than 1,700 people and caused mothers to give birth to deformed
babies.
"The Minamata poisoning incident was Japan's worst case of
industrial pollution. Since the 1950's, hundreds of people have contracted
Minamata disease - a neurological disorder caused by mercury poisoning -
from eating tainted fish. The disease was first discovered in the 1950s and
named for Minamata Bay in southern Japan, where a company dumped tons of
mercury compounds.
"The court said the government and Kumamoto prefecture (state)
failed to stop chemical manufacturer Chisso Corp. from dumping tons of
mercury compounds into Minamata Bay beginning in the 1930s." [News Services,
10/16/04]
1983
1983 - U.S. Plans / Strategic Defense Initiative
[Star Wars] - March 23rd, 1983: "President Ronald Reagan announces plans
for the Strategic Defense Initiative, a space-based missle defense
system against nuclear attack, later dubbed Star Wars." [Based on: N.G.M.,
August 2005, p. 107]
1983 - Pioneer 10 / Beyond Neptune - June 13th,
1983: "On 13-June Pioneer 10 becomes the first probe to venture into interstellar
space when it crossed the orbit of the outermost planet, Neptune." [Link:
1]
1983 - Suicide Bombers / Lebanon - October 23rd, 1983: "In October
[10/23/83] 1983 suicide bombers attacked the US and French encampments. A
total of 275 soldiers died. The Lebanon was left to its beastly civil war."
[Links: 1]
*Trivia: "[....] ... separate Shiite car bombings target Marines and
French paratroopers, killing 241 Americans and 58 French." [Based on A.P.
research, 02/15/05]
1983 - Operational / Space Shuttle Columbia
- November, 1983: "Columbia becomes operational on STS-5, lifting off in
November. It carries a record four-man crew, Vance Brand, Robert Overmyer,
Joseph Allen and William Lenoir. They launched two communication satellites."
[Link:
1]
1983 - U.S. Space Lab - November 11th,
1983: "Space shuttle Columbia carried the Spacelab into space on 11 November
1983."
1983 - 1st Space Lab Flight - November
28th, 1983: "The first flight of Space-lab on the shuttle begins on 28-November.
The space shuttle is Columbia, with a crew of six conducted over 70 experiments
on a 10-day flight. Among them is a German scientist, the first
non-American to fly in the US space program. The other crew members
are John Young, Brewster Shaw, Robert Parker, Owen Garriott and Byron
Lichtenberg." [Link:
1]
1984
1984 - Forgery Ring / Bible-Era Artifacts -
"Four Israeli antiquities collectors and dealers were indicted Wedneday
[12/29/04] in Jerusalem on charges they ran a sophisticated forgery ring
that spanned the globe and produced a treasure-trove of fake Bible-era artifacts
- some of which were hailed as major archaeological finds. [....] Investigators
warned [Dec. 2004] that collectors and museums around the world could be
in the possession of fakes, and scholars urged museums to re-examine items
of suspicious origin. The forgery ring has been operating for more than 20
years, said Shuka Dorfman, head of the Israel Antiquities Authority." [News
Services, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A12, 12/30/04]
1984 - Agent Orange Settlement - May 7th, 1984:
"On May 7, American Vietnam war veterans reached an out-of-court settlement
with 7 chemical companies in a class-action suit over the herbicide Agent
Orange." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 554]
1984 - Fatal Gas Leak / Union Carbide Plant, Bhopal
India - December 3rd, 1984: "[...] About 40 tons of poisonous gas leaked
from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in the central Indian city of Bhopal
on Dec. 3, 1984. Union crabide claims that 3,800 people were killed,
while Indian officials say up to 15,000 may have died and that as
many as 555,000 others have become ill or had babies born with defects
since then. Many people died over the years due to gas-related illnesses,
like lung cancer, kidney failure and liver disease. [....] The U.S. chemical
company Union Carbide Corp., which was bought by Michigan-based Dow Chemical
Company in 2001, paid $470 million in compensation under a settlement
with India's government in 1989. But only part of that amount has reached
the victims. [....] 'Lethal chemicals are still lying around at the plant,
some in the open. Every time it rains these poisonous chemicals are leaked
into the soil, affecting groundwater resources of the area,' Bee [Rashida
Bee] said. [....] Union Carbide, in a statement sent to The Associated Press,
said it spent more than $2 million to clean up the plant from 1985 to 1994,
when it sold its stake in Union Carbide India Ltd. (UCIL) and the local company
was renamed as Eveready Industries. The company also says state studies indicated
in 1998 that the groundwater around the plant was free of toxins and that
any water contamination was due to improper drainage and other pollution,
not Union Carbide chemicals." [A.P., 12/03/04]
1984 - Trivia / "Live
Aid" Concerts - "In 1984, Musicians raised
millions of pounds for famine aid in Africa with spectacular simultaneous
Live Aid concerts in London and Philadelphia."
1984 - Fatality / Indira Gandhi, India
- "Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister, headed India from 1947 until
his death in 1964. He was followed later by his daughter, Indira Gandhi,
whose often iron-fisted rule defined two decades of Indian life. Indira was
murdered by her own bodyguards in 1984, and her son, Rajiv Gandhi,
an airline pilot, reluctantly stepped up. Riding a wave of sympathy, he easily
won the next election. But he lost the prime minister's post in 1989 and
was assassinated two years later while campaigning." [A.P., 05/14/04]
1984 - Desecrated / Golden Temple - "The Golden
Temple in Amritsar, the holiest place in Sikhdom, was horribly desecrated
when Indian troops stormed it and fought a pitched battle against separatist
militants. Operation Blue Star cost Prime Minister Indira Gandhi her life
less than five months later, when she was gunned down by her own Sikh bodyguards.
In the modern dynastic tradition of Indian politics, Indira's utterly
inexperienced son Raj iv Gandhi took over as Prime Minister. Tragedy visited
India on an even larger scale in December 1984 when a cloud of deadly methyl
isocyanate gas drifted over Bhopal, killing at least 3,000. The after-effects
have since pushed the death toll to nearer 10,000. The accident has been
blamed by the plant operator, Union Carbide, on a disgruntled employee, and
by most Indians on exploitative Western capitalism. Either way, few of the
survivors have yet seen any compensation."
1985
1985 - Economy / USSR - "Astonishingly,
by the mid-1980s the USSR had overtaken Britain and most other capitalist
economies, with the exception of the USA. At least in absolute terms, the
USSR occupied the first position in many key fields of production, for example,
in the production of steel, iron, coal, oil, gas, cement, tractors, cotton,
and many steel tools. In the mid-1980s the Massachusetts Cambridge Engineering
Research Association described the Soviet natural gas industry - which doubled
production in less than ten years - as a 'spectacular success story'.
[Financial Times, 14/11/85.] Even in the field of computers, where
Russia in the 1970s was said to be ten years behind the West, the gap had
been narrowed to a point where Western experts admitted it was only about
2-3 years. The most spectacular proof of the superiority of a planned economy,
where it was run well, was the Soviet space programme. Since 1957 Russia
had led the 'space race'. While the Americans landed on the moon, the Russians
were building a space station that would take them to the far reaches of
the solar system. As a byproduct, the Soviet Union was selling the cheap
and reliable Proton rockets on world markets at a price some £10 million
less than the European Ariane space project." [Link:
1]
1985 - Israeli Nuclear Arsenal? - "Mordechai
Vanunu provided the best look at the Israeli nuclear arsenal in 1985, complete
with photographs. A technician from Dimona who lost his job, Vanunu secretly
took photographs, migrated to Australia and published some of his material
in The London Sunday Times. He was subsequently kidnapped by Israeli
agents and imprisoned. His data showed a sophisticated nuclear program, with
over 200 bombs, with boosted devices, neutron bombs, F-16 deliverable
warheads, and Jericho warheads. He revealed for the first time the
underground plutonium separation facility where Israel was producing 40 kilograms
annually, several times more than previous estimates. Photographs showed
sophisticated designs which scientific experts say enabled the Israelis to
build bombs with as little as 4 kilograms of plutonium. In the words of one
American source, 'The Israelis can do anything we or the Soviets can do.'
" [John Tiffany, A.F.P., March 2004]
*Trivia: "Vanunu, who was released seven months
ago [04/21/04] after completing an 18-year prison sentence for treason, was
arrested [11/11/04] on suspician of revealing classified information, police
said. [....] Vanunu was convicted in 1988 of divulging information and pictures
of the Dimona reactor." [A.P., 11/12/04]
1985 - Recording / "We Are the World" -
"Entertainment highlights in the week of Jan. 23-29: The African famine relief
benefit song 'We Are the World' was recorded in Los Angeles after the American
Music Awards ceremony." [A.P.]
1985 - "Live Aid" Broadcast - July 13th,
1985: " 'Live Aid,' a rock concert broadcast around the world July 13,
raised $70 mil for starving peoples of Africa." [Based
on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 554]
1985 - No Win Situation / Nuclear War - November
1985: "At their first summit conference in Geneva, U.S. President Ronald
Reagan and Soviet leader Gorbachev signal a new era in arms control, agreeing
that a nuclear war 'cannot be won and must never be fought.' " [Based on:
N.G.M., August 2005, p. 112]
1985 - Fatality / Rick Nelson - December,
1985: "Entertainment highlights during the week of Dec. 26-Jan 1: Singer
Rick Nelson was killed when his chartered plane crashed in Texas." [A.P.,
12/27/04]
1985 - Trivia / U.S. Health Insurance - "The Consolidated Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act, COBRA, guarantees that, for up to 18 months, workers
who leave their jobs can continue to buy coverage as part of their former
employer's group plan." [Source: Institute of Medicine, 10/04/04]
1985 - 1st Comet Probe - First probe to reach
a comet (USA)." [Link:
1]
1986
1986 - 1st Diagnosed / Mad Cow Disease - "Mad
cow, first diagnosed in 1986 in the United Kingdom, is thought to
have resulted from the feeding of meat and bone meal containing infected
sheep parts to cattle. The outbreak probably was then made worse by
'amplification' - feeding meat-and-bone meal made from those cattle to young
calves. [....]" [Based on: St. Petersburg Times, 03/12/01]
1986 - Established / NCSA - January 15th, 1986:
"On this date [January 15th] in 1986, the national Science Foundation (NSF)
established the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The NCSA works with
research centers nationwide to build cyberinfrastructure, tools, and
applications for grid computing." [Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac,
p. 17]
1986 - 1st Uranus Probe - January 24, 1986:
"First probe to reach Uranus (USA)."
1986 - Challenger Disaster / U.S.A. - January
28th, 1986: "The space shuttle Challenger soared into the sky and then
disintegrated spectacularly after just 73 seconds. The shocking moment of
destruction, when seven lives were atomised, provided one of the decade's
most awesome images."
1986 - Chernobyl Disaster / USSR - April 26th,
1986: "Disaster struck the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Belarus in April
1986. There was no nuclear explosion, as is commonly supposed; water was
superheated when the plant went out of control, and a jet of steam punched
through the steel and cement casing, spreading radioactivity far and wide.
More than 30 died on the spot; the ultimate cost of the calamity may never
be accurately known."
Trivia: "In all, 7 million people in the former
Soviet republics of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine are believed to have suffered
physical or psychological injuries from the catastrophe on April 26, 1986,
when reactor No. 4 at the Chernobyl nuclear plant exploded and caught fire.
An area probably half the size of Colorado was contaminated, forcing
the resettlement of hundreds of thousands of people and ruining some of Europe's
most fertile farmland. Ukraine shuttered Chernobyl's last working reactor
in December 2000." [News Services, April 2004]
1986 - Tensions / Iran & Iraq -
"Subsequent to a trip by George H.W. Bush, Saddam Hussein intensified his
air campaign against Iran. The Iraqi air force bombed civilian centers
in Tehran and other Iranian centers."
1986 - U.S. Relations / Iran &
Iraq - "Waas and Unger described
the motive for the Reagan administration’s tactical advice as a kind
of diplomatic billiard shot. By getting Iraq to expand use of its air force,
the Iranians would be more desperate for U.S.-made HAWK anti-aircraft missile
parts, giving Washington more leverage with the Iranians. Iran’s need
to protect their cities from Iraqi air attacks gave impetus to the Reagan
administration’s arms-for-hostage scheme, which later [November 1986]
became known as the Iran-contra affair. [See The New Yorker, Nov.
2, 1992.]." [Source Document
1]
1986 - U.S. Relations / Iran & Iraq -
"Another key player in Reagan’s Iraq tilt was then-Vice President George
H.W. Bush, according to Teicher’s affidavit. 'In 1986, President Reagan
sent a secret message to Saddam Hussein telling him that Iraq should step
up its air war and bombing of Iran,' Teicher wrote. 'This message was delivered
by Vice President Bush who communicated it to Egyptian President Mubarak,
who in turn passed the message to Saddam Hussein. 'Similar strategic operational
military advice was passed to Saddam Hussein through various meetings with
European and Middle Eastern heads of state. I authored Bush’s talking
points for the 1986 meeting with Mubarak and personally attended numerous
meetings with European and Middle East heads of state where the strategic
operational advice was communicated.' Teicher’s affidavit represented
a major break in the historical mystery of U.S. aid to Iraq. But it complicated
a criminal arms-trafficking case that Clinton’s Justice Department was
prosecuting against Teledyne Industries and a salesman named Ed Johnson.
They had allegedly sold explosive pellets to Chilean arms manufacturer Carlos
Cardoen, who used them to manufacture cluster bombs for Iraq." [Data Source
Document 1]
1986 - Iran-Contra Scandal - November:
"Press reports in early Nov. broke first news of the Iran-contra Scandal,
involving secret U.S. sale of arms to Iran."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 554]
1986 - 1st Confirmed / Mad Cow Disease - November
1986: "BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease, is first
confirmed in the U.K." [Based on: St. Petersburg
Times, 03/12/01]
1986 - Deployment / U.S. Peacekeeper Missles -
December 1986: "U.S. deploys Peacekeeper ICBMs, eachwith with ten nuclear
warheads ... to counter Soviet SS-18s." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p.
112]
1986 - Khost Tunnel Complex / Pakistan - "In
1986 Osama bin-Laden helped build the Khost tunnel complex, which the CIA
was funding as a major arms-storage depot, training facility, and
medical center for the Mujaheddin deep under the mountains of Pakistan."
*Trivia: "The USA helped recruit, train and
equipt thousands of killer Mujaheddin in the Anti-Soviet war." [Source Video:
"The Great Deception"]
1987
1987 - U.S. Weapons Exports / Afghanistan
- "The Afghan war against Soviet forces was a multi-billion dollar
operation - largely paid for by CIA and the Saudi ruling class. U.S.
contributions exploded, from $30 million in 1980 to over $600 million per
year after 1987. 65,000 tons of U.S.-made weapons and ammunition a year
were entering the war by 1987- including the high-profile Stingers used
against Soviet helicopters." [Link:
1]
1987 - Trillion-Dollar Budget / U.S.A. - January 5th, 1987:
"Pres. Reagan produced the nation's first trillion-dollar budget, Jan. 5."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 554]
1987 - Record Close / Dow Jones - January
8th, 1987: "Dow Jones closed above 2,000 for the first time, Jan. 8."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 554]
1987 - Examples of Genocide / Iraq - 1987-1988: "100,000 Kurds killed."
[Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
p. A12, 06/26/05]
*Trivia: "On April 16, 1987, a chemical raid on the Balisan valley
killed dozens of civilians; in its wake, "some seventy men were taken away
in buses and, like the Barzanis, never seen again."
[Based on: http://www.gendercide.org/case_anfal.html]
1987 - Iran-Contra Hearings / U.S.A. -
"Public hearings by Senate and House committees investigating the Iran-contra
affair were held May-Aug. Lt. Col. Oliver North said he had believed all
his activities were authorized by his superiors. Pres. Reagan, Aug.
12, denied knowing of a diversion of funds to the contras."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 554]
1987 - "Harmonic Convergence" - "August 16th,
1987 was a date many of us will never forget. On that day, perhaps for the
first time ever, millions of people from around the world focused their hearts
and prayers during an event called the 'Harmonic Convergence.' Jose Arguelles,
an eminent interpreter of the Mayan Calendar, led the call for prayer
and planetary shift which was predicted in the ancient Mayan texts." [By
James Twyman, Pathfinder Magazine - May/June 2004]
*Trivia: "The end of the ninth hell cycle on
August 16-17, 1987 corresponds to what has become known as the Harmonic
Convergence Global Meditation. The Harmonic Convergence signaled the final
twenty-five year countdown to 2012."
1987 - Wall Street Crash - October 19th,
1987: "Wall Street crashed, Oct. 19, with the Dow Jones plummeting a record
508 points to 1738, ending a bull market that began in mid-1982."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 554]
1987 - Missle Pact / USA & USSR - December
8th, 1987: "Pres. Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Dec. 8, signed
a pact [Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty] to dismantle all 1,752
U.S and 859 Soviet missles with a 300-to 3,400-mi. range." [Based on: The
World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 554] -
[Brackets text added by E.M.]
1987 - Intifada Uprisings / West Bank & Gaza Strip - December
8th, 1987: "Unholy mayhem came to the Holy Land in late 1987, with the outbreak
of the Intifada, the popular and chaotic uprising of the Palestinians
in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, territories both under military occupation
by Israel." [Links:
1]
1987 - Founded /
Hamas - December 14th, 1987: "Hamas
is an acronym for the Arab words for Islamic Resistance Movement; the word
itself means 'zeal'. It was founded in 1987 at the
time of the Palestinian uprising, the intifada, in Gaza and the West Bank."
[Link:
1]
1987 - Time Machines? - "Russian investigator
of anomalous phenomena, philosopher and author of numerous books Gennady
Belimov published his article under the headline 'Time Machine: First Speed
On' in the newspaper On the Verge of Impossible. He described unique experiments
conducted by a group of enthusiasts led by Vadim Chernobrov, the man who
began creation of time machines, devices with electromagnetic pumping
in 1987." [Olga Zharina, 03/01/2004, Pravada]
1987 - Status / Dead Sea Scrolls - "In 1987,
Vermes convened a London conference on the 40th anniversary of the discovery
of the Dead Sea Scrolls & called for immediate publication of
all photographs without transcription, commentary or editorial notes."
1987 - Permanent Occupation / Space Station MIR
- "First permanently-occupied space station, Space Station MIR (USSR)." [Link:
1]
1988
1988 - Economic Disposition / Iraq
- "The devastation from the Iran-Iraq war, which finally ended
in 1988, also set the stage for the Gulf War of 1990-91. The eight-year war
had crippled the Iraqi economy and left Saddam’s government deeply in
debt. Having been egged on by the oil-rich sheikdoms to blunt the revolutionary
zeal of Iran, Saddam felt betrayed when Kuwait wouldn’t write
off Iraq’s debts and rejected a $10 billion loan. Beyond that, Saddam
was furious with Kuwait for driving down world oil prices by overproducing
and for slant-drilling into Iraqi oil fields. Many Iraqis also considered
Kuwait, historically, a part of Iraq. Before attacking Kuwait, however, Saddam
consulted George H.W. Bush’s administration. First, the U.S. State
Department informed Saddam that Washington had 'no special defense or security
commitments to Kuwait.' Then, U.S. Ambassador April Glaspie told Saddam,
'we have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement
with Kuwait. As Foreign Policy magazine observed, 'the United States may
not have intended to give Iraq a green light, but that is effectively what
it did.' [Foreign Policy, Jan.-Feb. 2003]" [Source Document
1]
1988 - Examples of Genocide / Iraq - March 16th, 1988: "On April 16,
1987, a chemical raid on the Balisan valley killed dozens of civilians; in
its wake, 'some seventy men were taken away in buses and, like the Barzanis,
never seen again. The surviving women and children were dumped on the plain
outside Erbil and left to fend for themselves.' (Jonathan C. Randal, After
Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?, p. 230.) Less than a year later, on March
16, 1988, a far more concentrated chemical attack was launched on
the town of Halabji, near the Iranian border, which had briefly been held
by a combined force of Kurdish rebels and Iranian troops. Thousands of civilians
died, and with the town still under Iranian occupation after the raid,
journalists and photographers were able to reach the scene. "Their photographs,
mainly of women, children, and elderly people huddled inertly in the streets
or lying on their backs with mouths agape, circulated widely, demonstrating
eloquently that the great mass of the dead had been Kurdish civilian
noncombatants." (Iraq's Crime of Genocide, p. 72.) Although it took place
during the Anfal campaign, however, the attack on Halabji is not normally
considered part of that campaign."
[Based on: http://www.gendercide.org/case_anfal.html]
1988 - Addictive Cigarettes / U.S.A. - May 16th,
1988: "In a report issued May 16, Surgeon Gen. C. Everett Koop declared that
cigarettes were addictive." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 554]
1988 - Bibliotheca Alexandrina - "On June 26,
1988, President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt laid the foundation stone for the
Bibliotheca Alexandrina on a site of about 35,200 square meters, located
adjacent to the main campus of the University of Alexandria overlooking the
waterfront of the eastern port, between two streets parallel to the shore:
the 'Corniche,' El-Gaish Avenue, and Port Said Street. In 1990, at a meeting
in Aswan, Arab leaders competed to make the largest cash contribution. Sheik
Zaid bin Sultan of the United Arab Emirates offered $20 million, Iraqi leader
Saddam Hussein put up $21 million and Saudi Arabia contributed $23 million.
Saddam Hussein's check cleared only days before the beginning of the Gulf
War." [Links: 1,
2]
1988 - Sagebrush Rebels / "Wise Use" -
"The indictments and resignations [see: October 1981] put a temporary damper
on the Sagebrush Rebels, but they quickly regrouped. During an August 1988
conference at the Nugget Hotel in Reno, Nevada, they adopted a new moniker,
'Wise Use,' cynically chosen to imply a thoughtful approach to the environment.
As Wise Use founder and timber industry flack Ron Arnold put it, 'Our
goal is to destroy, to eradicate the environmental movement. We want
you to be able to exploit the environment for private gain, absolutely.'
" [Robert F. Kennedt Jr., Crimes Against Nature, pp. 26-27]
*Trivia: "From the start, the Wise Use movement
was closely linked to a handful of powerful, authoritarian, right-wing Christian
leaders. For instance, the convicted tax felon Reverand Sun Myung Moon and
his Unification Church, which owns the right-wing Washington Times,
underwrote the costs of the Reno conference and provided seed money for dozens
of Wise Use groups. Ron Arnold is head of the Washington State chapter of
the American Freedom Coalition, the political arm of the Unification Church."
[Robert F. Kennedt Jr., Crimes Against Nature, p. 28]
1988 - Explosion / Pan Am Flight 103, Lockerbie,
Scotland - December 21st,
1988: "Pan Am Flight 103 exploded and crashed into the town of Lockerbie,
Scotland, Dec. 21, killing all 259 people aboard and 11 on the ground."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 554]
1988 - Conviction / Mordechai Vanunu
- "Vanunu was convicted in 1988 of divulging information and pictures of
the Dimona reactor." [A.P., 11/12/04]
1988 - Transatlantic Fiber Optic Cable - "First
transatlantic optical fiber cable is laid; it can carry 37,800 voice
channels."
1989
1989
- Astronomic Configuration - "A Stellium, includes three or more planets
conjunct each other within close succession. 1989 saw a stellium involving
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and stelliums of this kind are more common. A
stellium represents a tremendous ending and
new beginning, a concurrence of three or more cycles. The past is lost, and
a journey into a wide-open future follows. The
next conjunction comes in over 13 centuries' time in 3,370."
1989 - Soviet Union Leaves Afghanistan
- February 15th, 1989: "The Soviet Union announced that the
last of its troops had left Afghanistan, after
more than nine years of military intervention."
1989 - Launched / World Wide Web - March,
1989: "The first versions of HTML that launched the Web appeared. Tim Berners-Lee
invented the World Wide Web."
*Trivia "Tim
Berners-Lee, who received a $1.2 million cash prize Tuesday [06/15/04] for
creating the World Wide Web, says he would never have succeeded if he had
charged money for his inventions. [....] Berners-Lee is originally from Britain
and was knighted last December. He has mostly avoided both the fame and the
fortune won by many of his Internet colleagues. Despite his prize he remained
modest about his achievements. [....] Berners-Lee first proposed the Web
in 1989 while developing ways to control computers remotely at CERN, the
European nuclear research lab near Geneva. He never got the project finally
approved but his boss suggested he quietly tinker with it anyway. He fleshed
out the core communication protocols needed for transmitting Web pages: the
HTTP, or hypertext transfer protocol, and the so-called markup language used
to create them, HTML. By Christmas day 1990, he finished the first browser,
called simply WorldWideWeB.' Although his inventions have undergone rapid
changes since then, the underlying technology is precisely the same. His
recent project - which experts say is potentially as revolutionary as the
World Wide Web itself - is called the Semantic Web. The project is an attempt
to standardize how information is stord on the Internet and to organize
automatically the junge of data found today on the Net into a 'web' of concepts.
By attaching meaning to data behind the scenes, computers can do a better
job of searching for information." [Based on: Mans Hulden, A.P.,
06/16/2004]
1989 - Conflict / Beirut
Lebanon - March 8th, 1989:
"In Lebanon, daily artillery barrages between Christian and Syrian forces
and their militia allies began in Beirut; at least 930 people were killed
before a cease-fire took hold the following September."
1989 - U.S. Secretary
of Defense / Dick Cheney - March 17th, 1989:
"The Senate unanimously confirmed Wyoming Congressman Dick Cheney to be secretary
of defense, following the failed nomination of former Sen. John Tower."
1989 - Oil Spill / Exxon Valdez, Alaska - March
24th, 1989: "Good Friday, The nation's worst oil spill occurred as
the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran into Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William
Sound and began leaking 11 million gallons of crude."
*Trivia: "ExxonMobil Corp. has paid $3.2 billion
[as of March 2004] for cleanup and fees in the 1989 oil spill in Valdez,
Alaska. A federal judge has ordered the company to pay an additional
$7 billion in punitive damages and interest." [A.P., 03/25/04]
1989 - 1st Free Elections / Soviet Union
- March 26th, 1989: "The first free elections took
place in the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin was elected [to Congress of People's
Deputies]. Voters in the Soviet Union filled 1,500 of more than 2,000
seats in the new Congress of People's Deputies, beginning embarrassing defeats
for the Communist Party."
1989 - Fatality / Hu Yaobang,
China
- April 15th, 1989: "In China thousands
of students in Shanghai and Beijing took to the streets to mourn the death
of Hu Yaobang; the protests culminated in the Tiananmen Square massacre."
1989 - Protests / China - April
21st, 1989: "Tens of thousands of people crowded
into Beijing's Tiananmen Square ['Heaven's Gate']. Cheering students waved
banners demanding greater political freedoms." [Link:
1]
1989 - Student
Protest / Tiananmen Square, China
- April 27th, 1989: "In China more than
150,000 students and workers calling for democracy marched, cheered and sang
as they took over Tiananmen Square in central Beijing."
1989 - Conviction / Oliver North - May
4th, 1989: "Fired White House aide Oliver North was convicted of shredding
documents and two other crimes and acquitted of nine other charges stemming
from the Iran-Contra affair. The three convictions were later [1991] overturned
on appeal."
1989 - "President" Slobodan Milosevic / Serbia
- May 8th, 1989: "Yugoslavia was made up of six republics. Milosevic
became president of Serbia, alarming non-Serb Yugoslavians, who feared Serb
domination." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis
Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05]
*Links: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1989 -
Protestors / Tiananmen Square,
China - May 18th, 1989: "In China a million
protestors filled Tiananmen Square."
1989 - Gov't. Crackdown / Tiananmen Square,
China - June 2-4th, 1989:
"In China hundreds - possibly thousands - of
people died as Chinese army troops stormed Beijing
to crush the pro-democracy movement. A surge in imports and loose money supplied
fuel for a potent mix of corruption and double-digit inflation. Hundreds
of thousands of discontented Chinese took to the streets of Beijing, demanding
more reform - but the military crushed the protests in the Tiananmen Square
crackdown. Zhao Ziyang was ousted. The West and Japan cut off aid. Bao Tong
was the only Communist Party official arrested in the Tianamen Square uprising.
He was released with ill-health in 1996. Han Dongfang, leader of China's
first independent trade union spent 22 months behind bars for his role in
the pro-democracy uprising. Ren Wanding was also again jailed for giving
speeches in the pro-democracy protests."
1989 - Fatality / Ayatollah Khomeini
- June 3rd, 1989: "Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini,
died. He held the office of supreme leader."
1989 - Ozone Treaty - July 1st, 1989:
"The Montreal Protocol, which was an international treaty dealing with
ozone-destroying pollutants, went into effect. The treaty sought to cut in
half production of chemicals posing the greatest risk to ozone."
1989 - Disposition / Oliver North
- July 5th, 1989: "Former National Security
Council aide Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison
term for his part in Iran-Contra. The convictions were later overturned.
"
1989 - Test Flight / U.S. Stealth Bomber
- July 17th, 1989: "The controversial B-2 Stealth bomber underwent its first
test flight at Edwards Air Force Base in California, two days after a technical
problem forced a postponement."
1989 - Multiple Opposition - "A Multiple Opposition
includes two or more conjuncting planets opposed by one or more planets in
the opposite sign. A recent historic example arose in 1989, when Saturn
and Neptune conjuncting in Capricorn were opposed by Jupiter [beginning in
August] and Chiron conjuncting in Cancer. These are uncommon, though crucial.
They have a climactic quality of breakthrough or starting-over, of catharsis
and rapid advance. Things reach critical mass,
and past and future are contrasted wildly."
1989 - Drug War / Colombia - August
24th, 1989: "Colombian drug lords declared 'total
war' on the government."
1989 - Time Experiments? / Russia - "A tragedy
occurred on August 30, 1989: an extremely strong explosion sounded at the
Institute's branch office on the Anjou islands. The explosion destroyed not
only the experimental module of 780 tons but also the archipelago itself
that covered the area of 2 square kilometers. According to one of the versions
of the tragedy, the module with three experimenters collided with a large
object, probably an asteroid, in the parallel world or heading toward the
parallel world.
"Having lost its propulsion system, the module probably remained
in the parallel world. The last record made in the framework of the experiment
and kept at the Institute archives says: 'We are dying but keep on conducting
the experiment. It is very dark here; we see all objects become double, our
hands and legs are transparent, we can see veins and bones through the skin.
The oxygen supply will be enough for 43 hours, the life support system is
seriously damaged. Our best regards to the families and friends!' Then the
transmission suddenly stopped." [Olga Zharina, 03/01/2004, Pravada]
1989 - U.S. Aid / Colombia - September
3rd, 1989: "The United States began shipping
a $65 million package of military aircraft and weapons to help Colombia's
war against drug lords."
1989 - Last Titan 3 Rocket - September
4th, 1989: "The Air Force launched its last Titan 3 rocket, which reportedly
carried a reconnaissance satellite. Since 1964, the Titan 3 had sent more
than 200 satellites into space."
1989 - Exodus
/ East Germany - September 10th, 1989: "Hungary
gave permission for thousands of East German refugees and visitors
to emigrate to West Germany. The exodus of East
German refugees from Hungary to West Germany began, by way of Austria."
1989 - Ground Broken / Temple of ECK, MN - September
11th, 1989: "Ground is broken for the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen Minnesota."
[E.M.] [See:
http://www.eckankar.org/Temple/]
*Trivia: "The Temple of ECK is a center from
which the message of the Light and Sound of God will reach many seekers.
Behind the stone, mortar, wood, and glass of the ECK Temple is one purpose:
to give the ECK teachings to all who want them." [Based on: Sri Harold Klemp]
1989 - East German
Emigration - September 30th, 1989: "Thousands
of East Germans who had sought refuge in West German embassies in Czechoslovakia
and Poland began emigrating under an accord between Soviet bloc and NATO
nations."
1989 - Resolve to Dismantle / Nuclear Bombs, South
Africa - September 1989: "South Africa resolves to dismantle its six
nuclear bombs." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 112]
1989 - Homosexual Marriages / Denmark -
October 1st, 1989: "In Copenhagen, Denmark, 11 homosexual couples were married.
It was the first time any country allowed such marriages."
1989 - Protest / East Germany -
October 2nd, 1989: "Nearly
10,000 people marched through Leipzig, East Germany,
demanding legalization of opposition groups and adoption of democratic
reforms in the country's
largest
protest
since 1953."
1989 - Point Loss / Dow Jones
-
October 13th, 1989: "The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 190 points,
triggering memories of the 1987 crash."
1989 - Photovoltaic Cell - "Scientists
at the High Technology Center of Boeing develop a stacked photovoltaic cell
that converts 37 percent of solar radiation into electricity. The cell consists
of two types of PV materials mounted on top of each other. The upper cell
consists of gallium arsenide and captures the energy of blue light, while
the second cell is made of gallium antimonide, converting red light into
electricity. Scientists at Sandia National Laboratories develop a single
PV cell containing silicon that converts 20.3 Percent of radiation in
electricity."
1989 - Open Border / Germany &
Czechoslovakia
-
November 1st, 1989: "East Germany reopened its
border with Czechoslovakia, prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee
to the West."
1989 -
Pro-Democracy Rally / East
Germany - November 4th, 1989: "Up to a million
East Germans filled the streets of East Berlin for a pro-democracy rally."
1989 - Open Border / East & West
Germany - November 9th, 1989: "The Border
separating Western from Eastern Germany was effectively opened. The following
days were most unusual for the whole of Germany - considering the
usual German ways, one could almost speak of anarchy: Shops stayed open as
long as they wanted [the usual, mandatory closing time was 6:30pm in 1989],
a GDR passport served as a free ticket for public transport, and in general
there were more exceptions than rules in those days. Of course, Berlin was
in the focal point of these changes.
The
Fall of the Berlin Wall, which will always
be used as a symbol for the end of the Cold War, made the 'West' available
in the middle of the 'East', resulting in widespread chaos. Later - much
later - normality took hold again. Later, the bickering started, and later,
there was talk of a 'wall in the heads'.'But during the November of 1989,
almost everyone was overwhelmed by happiness - a national and emotional
exception."
1989 - Failing Integrity / Berlin Wall
- November 10th, 1989: "Workers began punching a hole in the Berlin Wall,
a day after East Germany abolished its border restrictions."
1989 - Expansion / IBM & Microsoft
- November 13th, 1989: "IBM and Microsoft expanded their partnership and
agreed to develop software for MS-DOS, MS OS/2, and MS LAN."
1989 - Protests / Prague,
Czechoslovakia - November 20th, 1989:
"More than 200,000 people rallied peacefully
in Prague, Czechoslovakia, demanding democratic reforms and the ouster of
Communist Party leader Milos Jakes."
1989 -
Alexander Dubcek /
Czechoslovakia - November 25th, 1989: "More
than 500,000 demonstrators gathered in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where they
scoffed at a Communist Party shakeup and cheered Alexander Dubcek, the reformer
ousted in 1968."
1989 - "Velvet
Revolution" / Czechoslovakia - November
29th, 1989: "The Czechs ended the Communist party's 40-year monopoly on power.
The revolution in Czechoslovakia was called the 'Velvet Revolution'
because of the little violence."
1989 - "Operation Just Cause" / Panama
- December 20th, 1989: "The United
States launched Operation Just Cause, sending troops into Panama to topple
the government of General Manuel Noriega. Guillermo Endara replaced Noriega.
[see Dec 19] The US
invasion of Panama began and ended Feb 13, 1990.
It cost $182 million and left 23 US casualties with 320 wounded."
1989 - Revolt / Romania - December
22nd, 1989: "In Romania there was a
revolt and miners riots. Romania's hard-line Communist
ruler, Nicolae Ceausescu, was toppled in a popular uprising. Ion Ileascu
and other top Communist functionaries of Ceausescu seized control. Ileascu
ruled until November 1996."
1989 - Executions / Romania - December 25th, 1989:
"Ousted Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu
and his wife, Elena, were executed following a popular uprising."
1989 - Chairman
Alexander Dubcek / Czechoslovakia - December
28th, 1989: "Alexander Dubcek, former Czechoslovak Communist leader deposed
in 1968 in a Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion, was named chairman of the country's
parliament."
1989 - Civil War / Somali - "Somaliland
fought a civil war [1989-1991] with the regime of Somali
President Mohamed Siad Barre."
1989 - Occupation /
Kosovo - "In 1989, the Milosevic
regime in Yugoslavia made constitutional changes to consolidate power over
the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. Kosovo, whose 1.9 million people are
90% Albanian, lost its autonomy and was placed under Serbian rule.
The constitution passed without the approval of the parliament of Kosova.
The Serbs fired most Albanians and closed many enterprises. Muslim unrest
followed and Kosovo was occupied. 90% of
the population of Kosovo was made up of some 2.2 million ethnic Albanians."
1989 - Muslim Insurgency / Kashmir, India
- "Jammu and Kashmir is the formal name of India's portion of Kashmir, the
only Muslim-majority state in this predominantly Hindu country. Islamic militants
have waged a bloody insurgency since 1989 for independence of the Himalayan
territory or its merger with Pakistan. More than 65,000 people, most of them
civilians, have been killed in the conflict." [A.P., 06/29/04]
1989 - Debut / AOL - "America Online [AOL]
made its debut."
1989 - COBE Satellite - "A satellite
name COBE [Cosmic Background Explorer] was launched. It carried extremely
sensitive microwave detectors that were being used to detect the cosmic
background radiation from the Big Bang."
1989 - Solar Flares & CMEs - "... in 1989,
when a fierce CME [coronal mass ejection] struck the Earth, it blew out
HydroQuebec's power grid, leaving almost seven million people without
electricity, and a multimillion-dollar damage bill." [N.G.M., July 2004,
p. 15]
1989 - Trivia / Air Bags, U.S.A. - "Chrysler
was the first car maker to install air bags in all vehicles."
1989 - Arms Exports / China to U.S.A. - "It
is estimated that Chinese military companies exported more than 3 million
guns [1989-1993] to the US."
1989 - Dismantled / 1st U.S. Nuclear Power Plant
- "The Shippingport Atomic Power Station is decommissioned after 32 years
of operations and its still radioactive main reactor is taken from Penn.
to Hanford Military Reservation in Wash. This is the first US nuclear power
plant to be dismantled."
1989 - Construction / U.S. Seawolf
Submarines - "General Dynamics began building the Seawolf nuclear submarines.
Each one cost about $2.1 billion."
1990
1990 - 1st McDonalds / Moscow - January
31, 1990: "McDonald's Corporation opened its first fast-food restaurant in
Moscow."
1990 - NDMA - "The Proprietary Association of
America was formed in 1881 as the Association of Manufacturers and Dealers
in Proprietary Articles. The Proprietary Association subsequently changed
its name to the Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association in 1990, and
then in 1999 to the Consumer Health Care Products Association in 1999." [Link:
1]
1990 - Political Disposition / Bulgaria
- February 3rd, 1990: "The parliament
of Bulgaria elected economist Andrei Lukanov to replace
a hard-line Communist as premier. Lukanov became the prime minister
after rising to the number 2 spot of the Communist hierarchy under
Zhivkov. He oversaw the party's formal break with Stalinism and victory in
the first free elections."
1990 - Protests / Moscow - February
4th, 1990: "Cheering protesters
thronged Moscow streets to demand that the Communists
surrender their stranglehold on power."
1990 - Oil Spill / California - February
7th, 1990: "An 811-foot tanker, the American Trader, spilled hundreds of
thousands of gallons of Alaskan crude oil off the coast of Huntington Beach,
California."
1990 - Benzene Contamination? / U.S. Mineral
Water - February 9th, 1990: "Perrier Group of America Inc. announced
it was voluntarily recalling its inventory of mineral water in the United
States after tests showed the presence of benzene in a small number of bottles."
1990 - Release / Nelson Mandela -
February 11th, 1990: "Nelson Mandela, leader
of the African National Congress, was released after
spending 27 years behind prison walls. Mandela was released by President
F.W. DeKlerk, as the first step in the creation of a multi-racial
democracy."
1990 - Legal Disposition / Ronald Reagan - February 22nd, 1990:
"Former President Reagan's videotaped testimony
for the trial of former national security adviser John Poindexter was released
in Washington; in his deposition, Reagan said he never had 'any inkling'
his aides were secretly arming the Nicaraguan Contras."
1990 - Independence / Lithuania
- March 11th, 1990: "The Lithuanian parliament
voted to break away from the Soviet Union and restore
its independence. The Supreme Council promulgated the historic document:
'On the Re-establishment of the Independent State of Lithuania.' Validity
of the 1938 Constitution was briefly reinstated and the provisional Fundamental
Law was adopted."
1990 - President
Mikhail Gorbachev / Russia -
March 14th, 1990: "The Soviet Congress elected Mikhail
S. Gorbachev president of the Soviet Congress, a day after creating
the post."
1990 - Free Elections / Latvia - "March 19th,
1990: Latvia's political opposition claimed victory in the republic's first
free elections in 50 years, and reformers also claimed victories in crucial
runoffs held in Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine."
1990 - U.S. Nuclear Technology? / Iraq
- March 28th, 1990: "British customs officials announced they had foiled
an attempt to supply Iraq with 40 American-made devices for triggering nuclear
weapons, following an 18-month investigation by U.S. and British
authorities."
1990s - Devalued / Swedish
Crown - "In the beginning
of the 1990s the bankers Salomon Brothers, which had provided the Swedish
government with huge loans, demanded that the Swedish crown be devalued.
The government complied." [Juri Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October
2004, p. 14]
1990 - Convicted? / John Poindexter -
April 7th, 1990: "Former national security adviser John M. Poindexter was
convicted of five counts at his Iran-Contra trial. However, a federal
appeals court later reversed the convictions."
1990 - Deployment / Hubble
Telescope - April 25th, 1990: "The
Hubble Space Telescope was deployed from the space shuttle 'Discovery'."
[Link: 1]
1990 - Independence Coalition / Slovenia - April,
1990: "A pro-independence coalition won in Slovenia."
1990 - Political Disposition / Baltic States - May 12, 1990:
"The presidents of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
forged a united front by reviving a 1934 political alliance in hopes of enhancing
their drive for independence from the Soviet Union."
1990 - Free Elections / Romania - May 20th, 1990:
"Romania's ruling National Salvation Front scored victories in the
country's first free elections in more than 50
years."
1990 - Arab League Summit / Iraq
- May 28th, 1990: "Iraqi President Saddam Hussein
opened a two-day Arab League summit in Baghdad with a keynote address in
which he said if Israel were to deploy nuclear or chemical weapons against
Arabs, Iraq would respond with 'weapons of mass destruction'."
1990 - President Boris Yeltsin / Russia
- May 29th, 1990: "Boris N. Yeltsin
was elected president of the Russian republic in the
third round of balloting by the Russian parliament. This gave him a base
from which to attack Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev."
1990 - Independence / Kosovo
- July, 1990: "In Albania young people demonstrated
against the regime in Tirana, 5,000 citizens sought refuge in foreign embassies.
Albanian delegates of the parliament of Kosova declared the independence
of Kosova from Serbia. Subsequently Serbia abolished the parliament
and government of Kosova, closed down the only Albanian daily, and took over
the state-owned television and radio."
1990 - Resignation / Boris Yeltsin
- July 12th, 1990: "Russian republic president
Boris N. Yeltsin shocked the 28th congress of the Soviet
Communist Party by announcing he was resigning his party membership."
1990 - Protests / Moscow
- July 15th,
1990: "Tens of thousands of people marched in Moscow to protest the Communist
Party's control of the government, the army and the KGB."
1990 - Convictions Set Aside / Oliver North
- July 20th, 1990: "A federal appeals court set aside Oliver North's Iran-Contra
convictions, reversing one outright."
1990 - Foreign Relations / Iraq &
Kuwait - July 24th, 1990: "Iraq,
accusing Kuwait of conspiring to harm its economy through oil
overproduction, massed tens of thousands of troops
and hundreds of tanks along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border."
1990 - Georgian Sovereignty - August,
1990: "South Ossetia, a region of north central
Georgia with a population of about 100,000, declared itself sovereign. Ethnic
Ossetians speak a language similar to Persian."
1990 - Incubator-Baby Deaths? / Kuwait -
"The 15-year-old Kuwaiti Ambassador's teenager daughter in a televised appearance
publicly declared a number of Iraqi-sponsored incubator baby deaths in Kuwait."
[Source Video: The Great Deception]
1990 - Iraqi Invasion / Kuwait -
August 2nd, 1990: "Iraq invaded Kuwait, seizing control
of the oil-rich emirate. The day came to be known in Kuwait as 'Black Thursday'.
330 Kuwaitis died during the occupation and war. Sadam Hussein, leader
of Iraq, took over Kuwait. G. Bush led an inter-national coalition for sanctions
and a demand for withdrawal."
1990 - Operation Desert
Shield - August 7th, 1990:
"President Bush ordered U.S. troops and warplanes to Saudi Arabia to guard
the oil-rich desert kingdom against a possible invasion
by Iraq. The US Persian Gulf War began. It ended Feb 28, 1991. It
cost $8.1 billion and left 383 US casualties with 458 wounded."
*Trivia: "The U.S. government's Energy
Information Administration projects [from 2004] that in 20 years, the Persian
Gulf will supply between one-half and two-thirds of the oil on the world
market - the same percentage as before the 1973 embargo. Fifty years later,
in other words, the Middle East will have regained all its old power over
oil - and the U.S. government knows it. Whether or not Washington's war in
Iraq was directly motivated by oil, American planners clearly hoped it would
lay the groundwork for a stable, democratic Middle East - which, among other
benefits, would in Washington's view put the world's oil supply in more
trustworthy hands." [National Geographic Magazine, p. 108, June 2004]
*Trivia: "Osama bin Laden, before the
Persian Gulf war, offered his services to the Saudi Arabian king to fight
Saddam Hussein with 100,000 men in order to keep the Americans off Arabian
soil but was turned down." [St. Louis Post-Dispatch article, 09/23/04,
by Eva Adams, Union Mo.]
*Trivia: - "A total of 320 tons [290,300 kilograms]
of DU [depleted uranium] projectiles were fired by the U.S. during the Gulf
War:" [Link:
1]
*Trivia: There are two ways to determine if
the use of a particular weapon in military operations is illegal. The easiest
way is if the weapon is used in violation of a treaty that forbids its use
and the State using it is a party to that treaty. If there is no treaty on
a specific weapon, then one must determine if the use of that weapon would
violate existing rules and principles of binding humanitarian (armed conflict)
law. Under these rules (the "weapons test") – derived from The Hague
Conventions, the Geneva Conventions, and all other sources of military law
– a weapon may be banned if: (1) it has harmful effects outside the
legal field of battle (the "geography" test); (2) it has harmful effects
after the war is over (the "time" test); (3) its use is unduly inhuman or
causes undue suffering (the "humaneness" test); or (4) it has a harmful effect
on the environment (the "environment" test). The first two tests arise from
the requirement that weapons may not be indiscriminate. Because there is
no specific weapon treaty forbidding the use of depleted uranium, the illegality
of DU must be shown by the second method.
Weaponry containing depleted uranium (DU) fails all
four tests. [....]
[Based on: article by by Karen Parker, J.D. September
30, 2003 @
http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2003/Leuren-Moret-ICT13dec03.htm - bottom of
page]
1990 - Negotiations / Saddam
Hussein - August 12th, 1990: "Iraqi
President Saddam Hussein sought to tie any withdrawal of his troops from
Kuwait to an Israeli withdrawal from the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip."
1990 - Negotiations / Saddam
Hussein - August 19th, 1990: "Iraqi
President Saddam Hussein offered to free all foreigners detained in Iraq
and Kuwait provided the United States promise to withdraw its forces from
Saudi Arabia and guarantee that an international economic embargo would be
lifted."
1990 - Foreign
Relations / Iraq & Kuwait - August 28th,
1990: "Iraq declared occupied Kuwait the 19th province of Iraq, renamed Kuwait
City Kadhima, and created a new district named after President Saddam Hussein.
A puppet regime under Alaa Hussein was set up. Alaa Hussein was convicted
of treason in 2000 and sentenced to death. Saddam Hussein, saying he sympathized
with his foreign captives, pledged to free detained women and children."
1990 - Foreign Relations / Iran & Iraq
- September 10th, 1990: "Iran
agreed to resume full
diplomatic ties with onetime enemy Iraq."
1990 - Formal End / WW II - September
11th, 1990: "The four victorious allies of World
War 2 and the two Germanys formally ended World War II, signing a treaty
that cleared the way for a united Germany on October 3rd."
1990 - Hostile Threats / Iraq - September
23rd, 1990: "Iraq threatened to destroy Middle East oil fields and attack
Israel if other nations tried to force it from Kuwait."
1990 - Reunification / Germany - October
3rd, 1990: "West Germany and East Germany
ended 45 years of postwar division, declaring the creation
of a new unified country. The Berlin Wall came down."
1990 - Public Unrest / Czechoslovakia
- October 11th, 1990: "About 60-thousand people
rallied in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in support
of a government proposal to seize all Communist Party property without
compensation."
1990 - Syrian Troops / Lebanon - October,
1990: "Syrian troops entered Beirut, to [ostensibly] help end the 15-year
Lebanese civil war."
1990 - Civil War End / Lebanon - October
13th, 1990: "The Syrian airforce attacks the
Presidential Palace at B'abda and Awn takes refuge in the French embassy.
This date is regarded as the end of the civil war."
1990 - Official Opening / Temple of ECK, MN -
October 22nd, 1990: "Official 'opening' of the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen
Minnesota." [E.M.] [See:
http://www.eckankar.org/Temple/]
*Trivia: "The Temple of ECK is a center from
which the message of the Light and Sound of God will reach many seekers.
Behind the stone, mortar, wood, and glass of the ECK Temple is one purpose:
to give the ECK teachings to all who want them." [Based on: Sri Harold Klemp]
1990 - Budget Bill / U.S.A. - November 5th,
1990: "Pres. Bush signed Nov. 5, a bill to reduce budget deficits $500 bil
over 5 years, by spending curbs and tax hikes." [Based on: The World Almanac
and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1990 - US Troop Deployments / Persian
Gulf - November 8th, 1990:
"President Bush ordered a new round of troop
deployments in the Persian Gulf, adding up to 150-thousand soldiers to the
multinational force facing off against Iraq."
1990 - Disposition / Judaism - November 9th, 1990: "Israeli newspaper HaAretz
publishes interview in which Strugnell characterized Judaism as 'a horrible
religion' & lamented the survival of Jews as a group." [Link
1]
1990 - Trivia / U.S. Clean Air Act - December
15th, 1990: "Pres. Bush Nov. 15 signed into law a strengthened version of
the 1970 Clean Air Act." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 555]
1990 - Politics / Hungary - November 26th,
1990: "Hungary held a national referendum in
which voters decided that the country's next president would be chosen by
parliament, following free elections."
1990 - Private Religious Practice /
Albania - November, 1990: "In Albania
private religious practice began to be allowed."
1990 -
President Milosevic /
Serbia - December, 1990: "In Serbia Milosevic
won the presidency and his Socialist [formerly Communist] Party captured
194 of 250 parliamentary seats."
1990 - Slovenian Secession / Yugoslavia
- December 23rd, 1990: "Slovenians voted
overwhelmingly in favor of their republic's secession from Yugoslavia."
1990 - Trivia / US Census - "December
26th, 1990: "The US government reported that its 1990 census had counted
a total 249 million, 632,692 people."
1990 - Democratic Party / Bosnia
- "In Bosnia the Serb Democratic Party was founded
by Radovan Karadzic."
1990 - U.S. Sanctions /
Pakistan - "President Bush
imposed sanctions against Pakistan under the 1986 Pressler Amendment when
he was unable to certify that Pakistan did not have a nuclear bomb. This
stopped the sale of 28 F-16 airplanes to Pakistan for which $658 million
was already paid to General Dynamics. Pakistan had ordered and paid for 71
F-16 fighter bombers. $157 million was returned. In 1998 New Zealand agreed
to lease the planes for about $105 million and the money to be paid to Pakistan."
1990 - Trivia / Asian Students, U.S.A. - "A study
[1990-1992] by the University of Michigan showed 96% of fifth graders in
Japan had higher test scores in math than their American counterparts. Students
of Taiwan in the 11th grade outscored American students by 86% and Japanese
students scored 92% higher than the American average."
*Trivia: "The US census counted over 1.6 million Chinese
Americans with 40% of them in California."
1990 - U.S. Military Buildup /
Kuwait - "540,000 American troops assembled to drive Iraqi forces
from Kuwait."
1990 - Controversy / Sinead O'Conner - "Sinead O'Conner banned the national
anthem from her show in New Jersey. In turn, the singer was banned
from any future performances at the Garden State Arts Center." [S.L.P.D.]
1990 - Trivia / U.S. Military Budget -
"The US military budget was about $350 billion a year. That's about $1,400
per every man, woman and child, or $5,600 per 4 person family."
1990 - Political Demonstrations / Mongolia -
"In Mongolia demonstrations against Russian rule began. The Mongolian
Communist soon voted to dissolve itself."
1990 - Trivia / Climate
Control - "A leading expert on climate disputed on Tuesday [12/14/04]
the U.S. government contention that cutbacks in carbon dioxide emissions
are not yet warranted to check global warming. 'The science says you've got
to reduce emissions,' Rajendra K. Pachauri said in an interview midway through
the two-week international climate conference. [....] The 10 warmest years
globally, since records were first kept in the 19th century, have all occured
since 1990, the top three since 1998. Specialists here [International Climate
Conference] this week [December 2004] will issue a report saying 2004 ranks
as the fourth-warmest or fifth-warmest year recorded. [....]"
[A.P., 12/15/04]
1990 - Gasoline Chemicals / U.S.A. - "Congress
mandated that oil companies put air-cleaning chemicals into gasoline to reduce
carbon monoxide and smog in the largest urban centers."
1990 - Artificial Nitrogen Fertilizers / Worldwide
- "In 1990, about 50 million tons of artificial nitrogen fertilizers
were being used on a global scale."
1990 - Depression-Causing Antidepressants? -
"Top Food and Drug Administration officials said publicly for the first time
Monday [09/13/04] that scientific trials of frequently prescribed antidepressants
[Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox, Celexa, Lexapro, Effexor, Wellbutrin, Serzone,
and Remeron] have powerfully demonstrated that children that took the medications
faced an increased risk of suicide. [....] Concerns about a possible link
between the drugs and suicide were raised in the media and by some psychiatrists
in 1990." [Based on: Elizabeth Shogren, Los Angeles Times,
09/14/04]
1990 - Digital TV - "A digital method
for transmitting TV pictures was invented."
1990 - Human Genome Project - "The Human
Genome Project began and planned to sequence all human DNA by 2005. The database
did not just store sequences, but linked them with citations to enable new
discoveries. James Watson served as its 1st head. His opposition to gene
patents helped force him from the position in 1992."
1990 - First Browser / "WorldWideWeb" - "Berners-Lee
first proposed the Web in 1989 while developing ways to control computers
remotely at CERN, the European nuclear research lab near Geneva. He never
got the project finally approved but his boss suggested he quietly tinker
with it anyway. He fleshed out the core communication protocols needed for
transmitting Web pages: the HTTP, or hypertext transfer protocol, and the
so-called markup language used to create them, HTML. By Christmas day 1990,
he finished the first browser, called simply WorldWideWeB.' [by Mans Hulden,
A.P., 06/16/04]
1991
1991 - Operation Desert Storm - January
17th, 1991: "In January 1991, Operation Desert Shield
became Operation Desert Storm, as the allies - meaning,
essentially, America and Britain - battered Iraq with hi-tech bombs
and missiles. The mad, irrelevant doctrine of air superiority did not do
a scrap of harm to Saddam's regime, nor did it dislodge him from Kuwait.
But when the alliance finally summoned up the courage to launch a land attack,
the Iraqi army ran for its life. Thousands of its soldiers were slaughtered
in the sand. Inside Iraq, there were mass uprisings against the hated dictator.
The allies took fright and called off the chase, for fear that the oil-rich
region would be reduced to chaos. The Republican Guard crushed the rebellion,
and once more Iraq was safe for Saddam to brutalise."
*Trivia: "Of the 580,000 troops who served in the 6-week 1991 Gulf
War, 11,000 are now dead, and by the year 2000, 325,000 were on permanent
medical disability frome multiple causes.
"Of 251 Mississippi veterans in a study group who had normal
babies before, 67 percent have now had babies born with birth defects. Some
researchers, both here and abroad, believe that the 320 tons of depleted
uranium weapons (DU) that were dropped on Iraq and a huge saran depot that
we destroyed with fallout on 100,000 of our troops, could be responsible
for their horrendous statistics. Over 1500 tons of DU have been used in our
latest Iraq [2003] invasion. [....] Much of Iraq's air, soil, and water is
saturated with tiny cancer-causing uranium particles that when inhaled, can
lead to an early death. One recent study reported that 8 out of a 20-person
unit that returned from Iraq in 2003 showed classic symptoms of DU
exposure.
"The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that before the
Gulf War, Iraq had one of the best health systems in the entire Middle East
Region. They now report that in the year 2000, Iraq had a total of 195,374
new cases of cancer and 126,677 deaths."
*Links: http://www.veteransforpeace.org
http://globalresearch.ca/articles/MOR407A.html
http://www.life.com/Life/essay/gulfwar/gulf02.html
1991 - Depleted Uranium Weapons / Iraq - "[....]
The 1991 introduction of depleted uranium weapons in Iraq, the radioactive
trash from the 'nuclear project', broke a 46 year taboo. These radioactive
weapons, the 'Trojan Horse of Nuclear War', continued to be used over the
past decade and are still being used today [2005]. [....]"
[Based on:
http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2003/Leuren-Moret-ICT13dec03.htm]
1991 - Trivia / Gulf War End - February
27th, 1991: "The Gulf War ends."
*Trivia: "Kuwait spent $128 million to remove
two million landmines after the Gulf War." [Link:
1]
*Trivia: "On the 'Highway of Death,' 11 miles
north of the Kuwait border, a collection of tanks, armored personnel carriers
and other military vehicles are rusting in the desert. They also are radiating
nuclear energy. In 1991, the United States and its Persian Gulf War allies
blasted the vehicles with armor-piercing shells made of depleted uranium
- the first time such weapons had been used in warfare - as the Iraqis retreated
from Kuwait. The devastating results gave the highway its name." [Link:
1]
*Trivia: "Researchers have found that veterans
of the 1991 Gulf War are more likely to suffer from chronic symptoms, including
memory and thinking problems, debilitating fatigue, severe muscle and joint
pain, depression and rashes. But the cause has proved elusive. Theories include
stress, bacterial infection, chemical or biological weapons, pollutants from
burning oil fields, depleted-uranium munitions, and vaccinations for anthrax
and other potential biological weapons." [News Services, 07/20/2004]
*Trivia: "Veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf
War exposed to pollution from oil well fires, exhausts and other sources
may face an increased risk of lung cancer, a government advisory group reported
Monday [12/20/04]. [....]" [News Services]
1991 - Significant Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) -
March 24th, 1991: "[....] On March 24, 1991 a significant CME traveling at
5 times the speed of the solar wind struck the magnetosphere. The data from
space probe Ulysses suggested the boundary was within 4 RE of the Earth's
center, and that the impact also created a second shock wave inside the cavity,
spreading throughout the magnetosphere.
"The research spacecraft CRRES, operated by the US Air Force
was at that instant deep inside the radiation belt, at a distance of 2.55
RE. The first thing CRRES saw was a torrent of highly energetic protons and
electrons. The protons had energies above 20 Mev, twenty million electron
volts, some 20,000 times the energy of the average proton in the solar wind.
The passage of the shock also left Earth with a new long-lived belt of
high-energy protons [....]. [Based on: article
@: http://presys.com/~ekklesia/cme.htm]
1991 - Trivia / Rioactive Waste, Columbia River,
U.S.A. - March 28th, 1991: "[....] According to the EPA (The New York
Times, March 28, 1991), the engineers who built the nuclear weapons in the
1950's dumped over 127 million gallons of highly radioactive waste containing
Iodine-129, into the ground just a few miles from the Columbia River, the
4th largest river system in the U.S., which flows into the Pacific Ocean.
[....]"
[Based on:
http://www.rense.com/general39/another.htm]
1991 - Record Close? / D.J.I.A. - April
17th, 1991: "An 8-month recession shows signs of having ended in Mar.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed above 3000 for the first time, Apr.
17." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 555]
1991 - Independence / Slovenia - June
25th, 1991: "Slovenia [Independence: 06/25/1991] and Macedonia [Independence:
09/18/1991] broke away from Yugoslavia. Milosevic sent tanks into Slovenia.
He withdrew them after the European Union mediated a truce." [Based on: Reuters,
World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05]
- [Brackets data added by E.M.]
*Links:
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1991 - Independence / Croatia - June
25th, 1991: "In Croatia, Milosevic backed Serbs in a fight against Croats
who wanted independence. 10,000 people were killed. A U.N. patrolled cease-fire
ended the war. Croatia gained its independence." [Based on: Reuters, World
Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05] - [Brackets
data added by E.M.]
*Links:
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1991 - Dissolution / Warsaw Pact - July
1st, 1991: "With European communism in tatters, the Warsaw pact dissolves."
[Sources: NATO, The Associated Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia
Britannica]
1991 - Signed / START I Treaty - July 31st,
1991: "President George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Gorbachev sign the Strategic
Arms Reduction Treaty (START 1), calling for the removal of about half their
strategic nuclear warheads." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 112]
1991 - Independence / Macedonia - September
18th, 1991: "Slovenia [Independence: 06/25/1991] and Macedonia [Independence:
09/18/1991] broke away from Yugoslavia. Milosevic sent tanks into Slovenia.
He withdrew them after the European Union mediated a truce." [Based on: Reuters,
World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05]
- [Brackets data added by E.M.]
*Links:
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
1991 - Ordered Closed / U.S. House Bank - October 3rd, 1991: "U.S.
House bank ordered closed Oct. 3 after revelations that house members had
written 8,331 bad checks." [Based on: The World Almanac
and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1991 - Independence? / Kosovo - October
19th, 1991: "Kosovo declares its independence from Yugoslavia (Republic
of Kosovo [Albanian: Kosovoa), not recognized."
1991 - Access / Dead Sea Scrolls - October 22nd,
1991: "Israeli department of Antiquities announces that it will grant access
to official photos of the scrolls to scholars who agree not to publish their
findings." [Link:
1]
1991 - Publication / Dead Sea Scrolls - November
20th, 1991: "Shanks publishes Eisenman's photos in A Facsimile Edition
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, co-edited by James M. Robinson." [Link
1]
1991 - Fatality / Freddie Mercury - November 24th, 1991:
"Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen, died
of Aids."
1991 - Public Access / Dead Sea Scrolls - November
25th, 1991: "At annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in Kansas
City Mo., scroll project director, E. Tov, announces lifting of all publication
restrictions, allowing any scholar to examine the official scroll photos
& publish whatever was discovered. - SBL passes resolution affirming
the right of all scholars to have access to facsimile reproductions of all
ancient manuscripts without any publication restrictions."
1991 - "Commonwealth of Independant States"
- "On December 21 representatives of 11 former Soviet Republics
met in Alma Ata and signed the founding 'Declaration of the Commonwealth
of Independant States' - a loose confederation of the former Republics. Four
days later, Gorbachev announced his resignation and
the Soviet Union ceased to exist."
1991 - Dissolution / Soviet Union - December
25th, 1991: "The Soviet Union ceases to exist." [Sources: NATO, The Associated
Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]
1991 - Trivia / Muslim Republics - "In
December 1991, the USSR collapsed. This changed all kinds of alignments on
a world scale. Thousands of war-hardened Islamist fighters were spreading
out from Afghanistan throughout the Muslim world. Some 4,000 of them settled
in the Saudi cities of Mecca and Medina alone. Chossudovsky writes: 'The
CIA continued to support the Islamic 'jihad' out of Pakistan. New undercover
initiatives were set in motion in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Balkans.
Pakistan's military and intelligence apparatus essentially 'served as a catalyst
for the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the emergence of six new Muslim
republics in Central Asia.' At the same time, these Islamist veterans of
the Afghan war also came into intense conflict with pro-U.S. governments
- and with larger U.S. interests - over the Persian Gulf war. A key turning
point was when the U.S. brought 540,000 troops into the Persian Gulf in 1991
to attack Iraq's armed forces." [Link:
1]
1991 - Publication / Dead Sea Scrolls - "In
December 1991, a two-volume edition of scroll photographs was published.
This facsimile edition was issued by the Biblical Archaeology Society, an
American group headed by Hershel Shanks."
1991 - Weapons Programs? / Iraq - "The
United nations ordered Iraq to stop its biological, chemical, and nuclear
weapons programs. When the United Nations sent in a special commission to
inspect the progress of the order, Iraq caused continuous interruptions and
obstacles."
Trivia: "Contradicting the main argument
for a war that has cost more than 1,000 American lives, the top U.S. arms
inspector [Charles Duelfer] said Wednesday [10/06/04] he found no evidence
that Iraq produced weapons of mass destruction after 1991. [....] Contrary
to prewar statements by President George W. Bush [2003], Saddam did not have
chemical and biological stockpiles when the war began and his nuclear
capabilities were deteriorating, not advancing, Duelfar said." [Based on:
Ken Guggenheim, A.P., 10/07/04]
1991 - Rebel War / Sierra Leone - "Survivors
this week [July 2004] and last have started telling their accounts of one
of Africa's most heartless wars: a 1991-2002 campaign by rebels who killed,
raped, kidnapped and hacked to pieces hundreds of thousands of civilians
in hopes of terrorizing Sierra Leone into ceding control of its government
and diamond fields." [A.P., 07/22/04]
1991 - Independence / Chechnya -
"In 1991, Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev declared region's independence."
[A.P.]
1991 - Military Dictatorship / Haiti -
"During Haiti's military dictatorship from 1991 to 1994, more than 65,000
Haitians were intercepted at sea by the Coast Guard, and most were sent back
home, including many who were initially taken to the U.S. naval base at
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba." [A.P., 02/20/04]
*Trivia: "Louis-Jodel Chamblain was a co-leader of the paramilitary
Front for the Advancement and Progress of the Haitian People, a group that
was blamed for the killings of about 3,000 people from 1991-1994 during the
regime that followed Aristide's first ouster in 1991." [News Services,
08/17/04]
*Trivia: "When U.S. troops came to the country [Haiti] in 1994 to
restore Aristide, Chamblain fled to the neighboring Dominican Republic. In
1995 he was convicted in abstentia and given two life sentences. He returned
to help lead the rebellion this year [2004] that ousted Aristide for a second
time and sent him into exile." [News Services, 08/17/04]
1991 - Fatality / Rajiv Gandhi, India
- "Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister, headed India from 1947 until
his death in 1964. He was followed later by his daughter, Indira Gandhi,
whose often iron-fisted rule defined two decades of Indian life. Indira was
murdered by her own bodyguards in 1984, and her son, Rajiv Gandhi, an airline
pilot, reluctantly stepped up. Riding a wave of sympathy, he easily won the
next election. But he lost the prime minister's post in 1989 and was assassinated
two years later while campaigning." [A.P., 05/14/04]
1991 - Anthrax Testing / U.S.A. - "The Army
is planning [2004] to expand the nation's leading biological and chemical
defense testing site in Utah's remote western desert to make it a training
ground for counterterrorism operations. [....] In 1991, Dugway began anthrax
testing, eventually testing several deadly germs to find a way to detect
biological agents in times of war. Dugway now stores the pathogens in a secure
laboratory." [News Services, 10/17/04]
1991 - The New World Order - "[....]
But when the Wise Use allies hooked up with Pat Robertson's Christian Coalition,
they hit a home run. Robertson's special contribution to right-wing theology
was to substitute environmentalists for communists as the new threat to democracy
and Christianity. In his 1991 best-seller, The New World Order, he
vilifies the federal government as an alien nation waging war on the family
and disarming America through gun control laws. Environmentialists are the
evil priests of a new paganism that will become the official state religion
of the New World Order. [....]" [Robert F. Kennedt Jr., Crimes Against
Nature, p. 28]
1992
1992
- Mayan
Calendar / Final Phase
-
"The Mayas believed, as did the Assyrians and other ancient
peoples, that time was a way of measuring the soul of the Universe. The universe
breathed in and breathed out. Life was created, destroyed, created anew.
One cycle of 'inhalation and exhalation' was called a 'Great Cycle.' The
last Mayan 'Great Cycle,' 4 Ahau 8 Camku, began on August 13th, 3113 B.C.
4 Ahau Cambku is currently in a final phase called 'Katun 19, 13 Ahau,' which
begun in 1992 and ends, with a prophecy of world destruction, on December
23, 2012."
1992 - Commonwealth of Independent States
- January 1st, 1992: "Yeltsin invited the fifteen former
Soviet republics to join Russia in creating a Commonwealth of Independent
States [CIS] modeled after the America's 'states' system. Each republic would
be completely independent, but would merge in economical and social
matters. Eleven of them agreed as of January 1, 1992."
1992 - Bankruptcy / R.H. Macy & Co. - January 27th, 1992: "Retail
giant R.H. Macy & Co. filed for bankruptcy, Jan. 27."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 555]
1992 - Bankruptcy / Trans World Airlines - January 31st, 1992: "Trans
World Airlines, Jan. 31, became the latest major U.S. carrier to file for
bankruptcy." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1992 - Independence / Bosnia - February
29th, 1992: "A conflict among Croats, Muslims and Milosevic-backed Bosnian
Serbs broke out. 200,000 people [1992-1995] were killed. A peace agreement
was signed, halting the ethnic strife. Bosnia gained its independence." [Based
on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13,
06/26/05]
*Links:
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia.html
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-2ai011029e.htm
*Trivia: "The tidal wave of
post-communist change in Europe had smashed the artificial federation of
Yugoslavia into its constituent parts. But the boundaries of the new nations
were as capricious as the nationalities they contained. Each of the new republics
contained an explosive mix of rival ethnic groups; none more so than Bosnia.
The horrible civil war which exploded there
in the spring of 1992 reflected the Serb irredentist ambition of Yugoslav
president Slobodan Milosevic, and the hopelessly irreconcilable ambitions
of three mingled communities: Serbs, Croats, and Muslims. As Nato fumbled
and dithered on the sidelines, the Bosnian conflict degenerated into savagery,
symbolised by the mindless destruction of the Stari Most bridge in Mostar,
and a grim new shorthand phrase in the lexicon of barbarism: ethnic cleansing."
*Trivia: "U.N
and local forensic experts have exumed 16,500 bodies from more than 300 mass
graves found since the end [1995] of the Bosnian war, in which about 250,000
people were killed and 1.8 million driven from their homes. More than 20,000
people remain missing since the war." [Based on: A.P., 08/10/04]
1992 - Examples of Genocide / Bosnia - 1992-1995 "200,000 Bosnians
killed." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis
Post-Dispatch, p. A12, 06/26/05]
1992 - Race Riots / Los Angeles - April, 1992:
"There was an explosion of race rioting in Los Angeles, in the wake of the
acquittal of four white policeman, videotaped as they beat the hell
out of a black man, Rodney King. In two days of savage violence 58 people
died."
1992 - Hurricane Andrew / Florida - August
24th, 1992: "Hurricane Andrew was the most destructive United States hurricane
of record. It blasted its way across south Florida on August 24, 1992. NOAA's
National Hurricane Center had a peak gust of 164 mph—measured 130 feet
above the ground—while a 177 mph gust was measured at a private home.
Andrew caused 23 deaths in the United States and three more in the Bahamas.
The hurricane caused $26.5 billion in damage in the United States, of which
$1 billion occurred in Louisiana and the rest in south Florida. The vast
majority of the damage in Florida was due to the winds."
*Trivia: "Hurricane date(s): August 24th-26th,
1992. Hurricane location: Southern Florida & Louisianna. Number of recorded
deaths: 58." [Based on: The World Almanac and
Book of Facts, 2005, p. 206]
1992 - Surrender / Randy Weaver, Idaho -
August 31st, 1992: "White supremacist and fugative Randall Weaver surrendered
Aug. 31 after an 11-day FBI seige at his Ruby Ridge, ID, cabin, during which
his wife and son and a deputy sheriff were killed in exchanges of gunfire."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 555]
1992 - Underground Nuclear Test / U.S.A. - September
23rd, 1992: "The U.S. conducts its last underground nuclear test." [Based
on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 113]
1992 - Launch / Mars Observer - September 25th,
1992: "Mars Observer launched." [Link:
1]
1992 - Publication / Dead Sea Scrolls - November,
1992: "Eisenman & Wise publish The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered containing
transcriptions & translations of 50 scrolls."
1993
1993 - Palestinian Disposition / West
Bank - "By 1993 more than 115,000
Palestinians were commuting to jobs in Israel and earning higher wages than
they would have in their traditional occupations as farmers, traders, or
artisans. However, around the same time, the Israeli government, responding
to Palestinian attacks on Israelis, began placing severe restrictions on
these workers' mobility, to the detriment of the Palestinian economy.
"Israel, in turn, was becomming increasingly reliant on the
West Bank for water. A third of its entire supply was being drawn from aquifers
under the highlands of the territory. Since 1967 all water resources in the
territory have been put under Israeli State control. Palestinians who need
to drill a well, or repair an old one, need a permit. Such permits, which
require approvals from a variety of Israeli committees and departments for
a single well, are rarely granted.
"Today, Israelis consume five times as much water per head as
Palestinians, many of whom must rely entirely on water trucked in from distant
wells during the dry summer months. According to B'Tselem, inhabitants of
the settlements, where swimming pools are plentiful and crop irrigation common,
use even more water.
"The 1993 Oslo Accords sparked the first moves by Israel to
alleviate, at least partially, the effects of the occupation. Uri Savir,
the chief Israeli negotiator, later wrote that it was during the peace talks
leading to the Oslo Accords that he first learned that 'a West Bank
Palestinian could not build, work, study, purchase land, grow produce, start
a business, take a walk at night, enter Israel, go abroad, or visit his family
in Gaza or Jordan without a permit from us.'
"As part of the Accords Israel agreed to withdraw its forces
from the West Bank and Gaza, save those needed to guard settlements, over
the course of five years, at the end of which the two sides would negotiate
a final settlement leading to an independent Palestinian state." [National
Geographic Magazine / October 2002 / pages 108-109]
1993 - WTC Bombing / U.S.A - February 26th,
1993: "On 26th February 1993, at approximately 12.18 p.m., an improvised
explosive device exploded on the second level of the World Trade Center parking
basement. The resulting blast produced a crater, approximately 150 feet in
diameter and five floors deep, in the parking basement. The structure consisted
mainly of steel-reinforced concrete, twelve to fourteen inches thick. The
epicenter of the blast was approximately eight feet from the south wall of
Trade Tower Number One, near the support column K31/8. The device had been
placed in the rear cargo portion of a one-ton Ford F350 Econoline van, owned
by the Ryder Rental Agency, Jersey City, New Jersey. Approximately 6,800
tons of material were displaced by the blast. The main explosive charge consisted
primarily of approximately 1,200 to 1,500 pounds of a home-made fertilizer-based
explosive, urea nitrate. The fusing system consisted of two 20-minute lengths
of a non-electric burning type fuse such as green hobby fuse. The hobby fuse
terminated in the lead azide, as the initiator. Also incorporated in the
device and placed under the main explosive charge were three large metal
cylinders [tare weight 126 pounds] of compressed hydrogen gas." [Link:
1]
1993 - Mount Carmel Seige / U.S.A. - February
28th, 1993: "The U.S. government begins a 51-day seige of the Mount Carmel
compound in Waco Texas."
1993 - Status / Dead Sea Scrolls - April 1993:
"Project Judaica Foundation opens Scrolls from the Dead Sea Exhibit at Library
of Congress."
1993 - NATO Forces / Bosnia - April 12th
1993: "NATO warplanes begin enforcing a 'no-fly zone' over Bosnia - the
alliance's first venture outside its membership area." [Sources: NATO, The
Associated Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]
1993 - Waco Fire / Waco, Texas - April 19th,
1993: "In Waco, Texas, an ill-judged siege of the Branch Dravidian cult
headquarters ended in a huge blaze, and multiple deaths."
1993 - Apparent Suicide? / Vincent Foster
- July 20th, 1993: "Vincent Foster, deputy White House counsel,
found shot to death July 20 in a N Virginia park, an apparent suicide."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 555]
1993 - Bush Campaign Contributors - "Between
1993 and 1998 Alcoa, Exxon, Shell, Amoco, Enron, Dow Chemical, and others
poured $1.5 million into the Bush campaign coffers.
"After privately conferring with these corporate backers, Bush
pushed through two landmark laws, the 1995 Texas Audit Privilege and Immunity
Law, and the 1999 Voluntary Emissions Reduction Permit Program. Rather like
the fox guarding the henhouse, the laws allow companies to monitor their
own pollution, report their violations to the government, and promise to
clean up. There would be no fines, no public disclosure, no government follow-up.
Imagine a world where criminals could stay out of jail simply by confessing
their crime to a state agency and promising to do better in the future. That's
the law Bush came up with to cope with some of the most polluted air on earth."
[Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Crimes Against Nature, p. 17]
1993 - Trivia / Biological Warfare Defense - "NATO
creates working groups on biological warfare defense."
1993 - "Black
Hawks Down" / Somalia - October 3-4th, 1993: "Eighteen
US soldiers are attacked and killed in Mogadishu, Somalia in a spontaneous
gun battle [later the subject of the movie 'Black Hawk Down'). A 1998 US
indictment charges bin Laden and his followers with training the attackers."
[PBS Frontline, 10/3/02] [Link Source:
1]
1993 - A History of God -
"In 1993, Karen Armstrong authored A History of God, The 4,000-Year
Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam."
1993 - The Only Planet of Choice -
"The Only Planet of Choice, by Phyllis V. Schlemmer, aka Phyllis
Virtue-Carmel. First edition published in 1993. Second edition 1994. Revised
1996."
[....] The Council of Nine only transmit through Phyllis Schlemmer,
and this is worth repeating, at a time when channelling is becomming increasingly
popular. [....]
[Prelude, p. 2, The Only Planet of Choice, Revised edition 1996]
1993 - The Dream Weaver Chronicles - "Copyright 1993?, by James
Paul Davis."
1993 - The Making
of a Spiritual Movement -
"Published in 1993: The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold
Story of Paul Twitchell and Eckankar (Del Mar Press, 1993), by David
C. Lane."
*Trivia:
"Throughout David's book, he looks at Paul
Twitchell and ECKANKAR critically from the position of academia, especially
in this chapter. He also approaches the subject, as we have seen, from the
standpoint of Radhasoami and Sant Mat, as well as from the bias of some Christian
fundamentalists. Earlier in the book, David also acted as critical investigative
reporter, approaching Paul's life from that perspective. In later chapters
we will even find David takes up the role of analytical and social psychologist
and approaches Paul's teaching from that particular angle." [Based
on: Doug Marman, Dialogue in the Age of Criticism, Chap. 6]
1993 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1993 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 12,266."
[E.M.]
1994
1994 - Increase / U.S. Interest Rates -
February 4th, 1994: "In 1994, the Fed began a series of seven increases that
would double an important rate to 6 percent. The Fed had kept its target
for the federal funds rate - the interest that banks charge eachother - at
a then-low 3 percent. The first increase came Feb. 4, 1994, and led to a
huge sell-off on Wall Street. Before the Fed was done raising rates, the
financial market fallout helped sink Orange County, the Mexican peso and
a venerable Wall Street firm, Kidder Peabody & Co. [....] Greenspan and
other Fed officials have acknowledged that their actions in 1994 were too
aggressive. 'In 1994, they kept raising and raising rates, and the bond and
mortgage markets pretty much melted,' said Sung Won Sohn, cheif economist
at Wells fargo in Minneapolis." [A.P., 05/03/04]
1994 - Central African Conflict / Rwanda
- April 6th, 1994: "The tiny central African states of Rwanda
and Burundi all but dissolved in an evil competition of bloodlust between
the majority Hutu people and their traditional masters, the Tutsi."
*Trivia: "Government troops, Hutu militia
and ordinary villagers spurred on by hate messages broadcast over the radio
went from village to village, butchering men, women and children." [Based
on: A.P., 07/05/04]
*Trivia: "The killing began hours after
a plane carrying President Juvenal Habyarimana, a member of the Hutu majority,
was shot down on April 6th, 1994, by still unidentified assailants. [....]
The killing ended in July 1994 after Tutsi-led rebels, under current President
Paul Kagame, seized Kigali." [Based on: A.P., 04/07/04]
*Trivia: "[....] The killings started hours
after the president's plane was mysteriously shot down over Kigali on April
6th, 1994. Hutu militiamen set up roadblocks across Kigali and on April 7
began killing Tutsis and moderate Hutus." [Based on: News services,
04/08/05]
*Trivia:
"U.N. officials said Thursday [03/11/04] they had discovered a
black box [Hey! It only took ten years!] sent from Rwanda after a 1994 plane
crash that unleashed a genocide in the African nation [Based on: News Services,
S.L.P.D., March 2004]."
1994 - Examples of Genocide / Rwanda - 1994 "800,000 Ethnic Tutsis
killed." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St. Louis
Post-Dispatch, p. A12, 06/26/05]
1994 - Founded / Palestinian Authority -
May 4th, 1994: "The Palestinian Authority
was founded by the Gaza-Jericho Agreement [Cairo Agreement], which was signed
on 4th May 1994."
1994 - Journal Entry / Graham
Forsyth -
July 29th, 1994 - Being Enveloped by the Light
[....]
[See: Confessions of a God Seeker, A Journey to
Higher Consciousness, by Ford Johnson, p. 39].
*Trivia: "Graham [Graham Forsyth] came to Eckankar
in 1994. He did so because of an inner experience that he had with his then
master, Sant Ji, who introduced him to Sri Harold Klemp, and, in a gesture,
handed him over. It was not Graham's intention or desire to join Eckankar,
but his inner communications from Sant Ji clearly indicated that it should
be his next spiritual step. Graham remained a chela [in spite of a temporary
resignation in 1999?] under the guidance of Harold Klemp for more than seven
years. During this time, he compiled the most extensive journal of inner
experiences I [Ford Johnson] have ever read. This body of work compares in
every respect to Paul's [Paul Twitchell's] experiences in The Tiger's
Fang." [Based on: Ford Johnson, Confessions of a God Seeker, A Journey
to Higher Consciousness, p. 38] - [Brackets data added for clarity
- E.M.]
*Trivia: "Perhaps some background on Graham
would be of interest here. Graham [Graham Forsyth] was born, raised, and
has lived his entire life in the small town of Keighley, in West Yorkshire,
England. [....] After joining the Mother Church of Spiritualism, Graham
participated in a development circle where he soon demonstrated the ability
to make contact with entities in the astral dimension and to channel their
input. [....] After marriage and the birth of his first child, Graham studied
the path of Krishna, but soon was swayed by the writings of Julian Johnson,
a member of the Radhasoami Satsang Beas and author of The Path of
the Masters. [....]
"Before that, his inquires into Sant Mat led him to Maharaj
Charan Singh Ji. [....]
"When his master, Charan Singh, died, Graham sought a new master.
Eventually through the inner influence of Param Sant Kirpal Singh Ji, the
former spiritual master of Paul Twitchell, Graham was directed to Sant Ajaib
Singh Ji (Sant Ji), the successor of Kirpal Singh. Graham's inner journeys
with Sant Ji were filled with experiences on all the inner planes, and eventually
led to the God-Realization experience itself." [Based on: Ford Johnson,
Confessions of a God Seeker, A Journey to Higher Consciousness, pp.
36-38] - [Brackets data added for clarity - E.M.]
1994 - Independent Counsel Kenneth Star -
August 5th, 1994: "Kenneth Star named Aug. 5 as independent counsel to probe
Whitewater affair; congressional committees, late July, began Whitewater
hearings." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of
Facts, 2005, p. 555]
1994 - Trivia / MKULTRA - September 28th, 1994:
"The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994,
which stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other national security
agencies studied hundreds of thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments
involving hazardous substances.
The quote from the study:
... Working with the CIA, the Department of Defense
gave hallucinogenic drugs to thousands of "volunteer" soldiers in the 1950's
and 1960's. In addition to LSD, the Army also tested quinuclidinyl benzilate,
a hallucinogen code-named BZ. (Note 37) Many of these tests were conducted
under the so-called MKULTRA program, established to counter perceived Soviet
and Chinese advances in brainwashing techniques. Between 1953 and 1964, the
program consisted of 149 projects involving drug testing and other studies
on unwitting human subjects... [8]
[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MKULTRA#Origins]
1994 - Hijacking /
Air France - December 1994: "Algerian terrorists hijacked an Air
France airliner and threatened to fly it into the Eiffel Tower. The terrorists
were killed when French commandos stormed the plane." [S.L.P.D. 9/19/2002]
1994 - Russian Invasion / Chechnya -
December 11th, 1994: "In the Caucasus, a Russian army
battered its way into the Chechnya capital, Grozny,
but was humiliatingly chased out again, with heavy losses, the following
year."
*Trivia: "Russian troops invaded Chechnya
to oust President Dzhokhar Dudayev, setting off a 20-month war that killed
up to 30,000 people, including Dudayev. Afterward, Chechnya was defacto
independent and plunged into lawlessness." [Based on A.P., 09/02/04]
1994 - DU in the Balkans - "U.S. Air Force A-10
Thunderbolt II aircraft fired approximately 10,000 30mm DU rounds [3.3 tons
of DU] at 12 sites in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1994-1995." [Link:
1]
1994 - Radioactive Buildup / Rocky Flats, Colo.
- "Demolition began Thursday [07/15/04] on what has been called 'the
most dangerous building in America,' where workers at the Rocky Flats nuclear
plant once handled highly radioactive plutonium used in triggers for nuclear
weapons. Leaks, spills and a 1957 fire plagued the building, and part of
it was closed 30 years ago because radiation levels were off the charts.
The building was called the workhorse of the weapons factory, 16 miles northwest
of Denver. The Department of Energy called the building its 'greatest
vulnerability' in 1994 because of the buildup of contamination over five
decades." [News Services, 07/16/04]
1995
1995 - Terrorist Report - January 1995:
"Police in the Philippines raided an apartment in Manila and found materials
that suggested a plot to crash a hijacked plane into the CIA headquarters
outside Washington. One plotter was Ramzi Yousef, who was later captured
and convicted in the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Another was
Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, who U.S. officials now believe masterminded the September
11th attacks." [S.L.P.D. 9/19/2002]
1995 - Fatality / Selena - March
27th-April 2nd, 1995: "Entertainment highlights during the week of March
27th-April 2nd: Selena was shot to death in Corpus Christi, Texas, by the
founder of her fan club." [Based on: A.P., 03/28/05]
1995 - Bombing / Murrah Federal Building - April
19, 1995: "A bomb rips through the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building at 9:02
a.m. McVeigh is arrested 90 minutes later on a firearms charge after a routine
traffic stop near Billings, Oklahoma. At least 168 people died as a
result."
1995 - Extended Indefinitely / Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty - May 11th, 1995: "To control the spread of nuclear weapons,
signatories agree to extend the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
indefinitely." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 113]
*Trivia: "Estimated Number of Warheads as of
2004: Russia - 16,000; U.S.A - 10,350; China - 400; France - 350; United
Kingdom - 200; Israel - 200; Pakistan - 24-48; India - 30-35; North Korea
- 6-8? The last four countries on this list [Israel, Pakistan, India &
North Korea] are not signatories to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty."
[Information based on: N.G.M., August 2005, pp. 104-105]
1995 - Srebrenica Massacre - July 12-18, 1995: "In mass-executions
or ambushes, Serb army and militias kill up to 8,000 Srebrenica men and boys."
[Link:
1]
1995 - 1st NATO Combat Engagement - August
1st, 1995: "NATO engages in combat for the first time as its warplanes target
Bosnian Serbs shelling Sarajevo." [Sources: NATO, The Associated Press, the
World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]
1995 - Assassination / Yitzhak Rabin
- November 4, 1995: "The world was stunned when Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli
Prime Minister and leading architect of the Middle
East peace process, was assassinated in the heart of Tel Aviv."
*Trivia: "In 1995, Prime Minister Yitzhak
Rabin was assassinated by an ultra-nationalist Jew opposed to Rabin's policy
favoring territorial concessions to the Palestinians in exchange for peace."
[News Services, 09/13/04]
1995 - Trivia / Dayton Accord - November
21st, 1995: "After talks outside Dayton, OH, warring parties in Bosnia and
Herzegovina reached agreement Nov. 21 to end their conflict; treaty was signed
Dec. 14, after which first of 20,000 U.S. peacekeeping troops arrived in
Bosnia." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 556]
1995 - Dayton Accord / Bosnia - November 25th,
1995: "US envoy Richard Holbrooke achieved a fragile and horribly belated
peace settlement in Bosnia, with the Dayton Accord of November 1995."
1995 - NATO Deployment / Bosnia - December
1995: "NATO soldiers form the core of a peacekeeping force in Bosnia, and
France says it plans to rejoin NATO's military structure." [Sources:
NATO, The Associated Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]
*Trivia: "U.N and local forensic experts
have exumed 16,500 bodies from more than 300 mass graves found since the
end [1995] of the Bosnian war, in which about 250,000 people were killed
and 1.8 million driven from their homes. More than 20,000 people remain missing
since the war." [A.P., 08/10/04]
1995 - Birth / Tanzim - "In 1995, armed grassroots militia were born in refugee
camps. Tanzim is connected to Fatah."
1995 - Private Real Property Rights Preservation
Act - "In 1995 he [Gov. George W. Bush] pushed through the Private Real
Property Rights Preservation Act, a radical 'takings' bill that would make
taxpayers pay polluters' cost of complying with pollution laws. [....] This
perverse doctrine reverses a millennium of western property law that holds
that owners can use their property as they please, but never in a way that
diminishes their neighbors' property or the public trust properties like
air and water." [Based on: Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Crimes Against Nature,
pp. 13-14]
1995 - Status / U.S. National Debt -
"The national debt was slightly less than $1 trillion in 1980; in 1995 it
was $5 trillion." [Juri Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October
2004, p. 11]
1995 - Status / English National Debt -
"In 1815 it [the English national debt] was 885 million pounds and in 1945
it had grown to 22.5 billion pounds. By 1995 the national debt had risen
to more than 300 billion pounds, equal to 45 percent of GNP." [Based on:
article by Juri Lina, The Barnes Review, September/October 2004, p.
9]
1996
1996 - Genetically Modified Crops - "[....]
In 1996, the first year genetically modified crops were commercially available,
about 4.3 million acres were under biotechnology cultivation. [....]." [Based
on: Paul Elias, A.P., 01/13/05]
1996 - Senate Approved / START II - January
26th, 1996: "Senate Jan. 26, approved, 87-4, the Second Strategic Arms Reduction
Treaty (START II)." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1996 - Convicted / James & Susan McDougal - May 28th, 1996: "James
and Susan McDougal were convicted May 28 of fraud and conspiracy. Arkansas
Gov. Jim Guy Tucker was convicted of similar charges by the same jury."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1996 - Trivia / State Farm Insurance Co. - April 1996: "An auto dealer
tells the Indiana attorney general's office he's found wrecked vehicles that
are being sold without salvage titles, in violation of state law." [Based
on: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A4, 01/24/05]
1996 - Discovery / Biblical Remains? - April
2nd, 1996: "Corresponding with the Full Moon on October 21st, 2002, a Biblical
burial box dating from 63 A.D. containing [in Aramaic] the words 'James,
son of Joseph, brother of Jesus', appeared in the late afternoon headlines
[CST] of CNN News. The box was reportedly discovered in Jerusalem around
1980 and was mentioned by the Associated Press on April 2nd, 1996."
[Links:
1,
2]
*Trivia: "An ivory pomegranate long touted by
scholars as the only relic from Solomon's Temple is a forgery, the Israeli
Museum said Friday [12/24/04], as investigators said they had broken up several
fake antiquity rings in a wide-ranging investigation. Indictments in that
investigation are to be handed down next week [January 2004], the officials
said. Among those to be indicted is Israeli collector Oded Golan, the Justice
Ministry confirmed. Golan, who denied wrongdoing, owns the two most spectacular
artifacts declared fakes last year [2003]: a burial chest purported to be
that of James, the brother of Jesus, and a stone tablet with inscriptions
on how to maintain the Jewish Temple. The pomegranate was examined by the
museum independently of the investigation by the Israeli authorities, said
the director of the Israel Museum, James Snyder. A team of experts reported
the thumb-sized pomegranate dates to the Bronze period, or about 3,400 years
ago, meaning it is considerably older than the first Jewish Temple, and the
inscription was added recently, the museum said in a statement." [News Services,
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A10, 12/25/04]
1996 - Welfare Reform Bill / U.S.A. -
August 22nd, 1996: "Major welfare reform bill was signed into law Aug. 22."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1996 - Taliban Enter Kabul - September
27th, 1996: "An editorial in the Kathmandu Post [September 20]
said, 'When the Taliban...entered Kabul on 27 September 1996, the US state
welcomed the development with the hope that the new rulers might bring stability
to the region despite the fact that they are notoriously illiberal in social
terms. The US media offered a muted and cliched sense of horror at the social
decay of the Taliban, but without any sense of the US hand in the manufacture
of such theocratic fascists for its own hegemonic ends. In 30 years, Afghanistan
has been reduced to a 'concession' in which corporations and states vie for
control over commodities and markets without concern for the dignity and
destiny of the people of the region. Oil, guns, landmines and heroin are
the coordinates for policy-makers, not the shadowy bodies that hang from
the scaffolds like paper-flags of a nation without sovereignty." [Link:
1]
1996 - Launch / Mars Global Surveyor - November
7th, 1996: "Mars Global Surveyor Launched." [Link:
1]
1996 - Launch / Mars Pathfinder - December 4th,
1996: "Mars Pathfinder launched." [Link:
1]
1996 -
"A Clean
Break" - 1996: "An Israeli think tank, the Institute for Advanced
Strategic and Political Studies, publishes a paper entitled 'A Clean Break:
A New Strategy for Securing the Realm.' The paper isn't much different from
other Israeli right-wing papers at the time, except the authors: the lead
writer is Richard Perle, now chairman of the Defense Policy Board in the
US, and very influential with President Bush. Several of the other authors
also now hold key positions in Washington. The paper advises the new, right-wing
Israeli leader Binyamin Netanyahu to make a complete break with the past
by adopting a strategy 'based on an entirely new intellectual foundation,
one that restores strategic initiative and provides the nation the room to
engage every possible energy on rebuilding Zionism.' [....] The first step
would be the removal of Saddam Hussein in Iraq. The war with Iraq would
destabilize the entire Middle East, allowing governments in Syria, Iran,
Lebanon and other countries to be replaced. 'Israel will not only contain
its foes; it will transcend them', the paper concludes."
[Guardian, 9/3/02]
1996 - Papal Commentary / Theory of Evolution
- "In 1996, Pope John Paul II claimed that the theory of evolution was 'more
than a hypothesis'. He made his statement at a conference of the Papal Academy
of Sciences, and it set the religious world thinking."
1996 - Bloodline of the Holy Grail - "First published in Great Britain
in 1996: Bloodline Of The Holy Grail, by Laurence Gardner. First published
in the United States in 2002."
1996 - Revised Edition / The Only Planet
of Choice - "The Only Planet of Choice, by Phyllis
V. Schlemmer, aka Phyllis Virtue-Carmel. First edition published in 1993.
Second edition 1994. Revised 1996."
[....] The Council of Nine only transmit through Phyllis Schlemmer,
and this is worth repeating, at a time when channelling is becomming increasingly
popular. [....]
[Prelude, p. 2, The Only Planet of Choice, Revised edition 1996]
1997
1997 - Mass Suicide? / "Heaven's
Gate" - March 26th, 1997:
"39 members of the Heaven's gate religious cult found dead in a house
in Rancho Santa Fe, CA, Mar. 26, in an apparent mass suicide."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1997 - Tartan Day / U.S.A. "The first Tartan
Day in the United States was observed at the national level on April 6, 1997.
Previously, there had been observances by individual states, counties and
other regional entities, but the year 1997 was the first time the observance
swept across the nation."
1997 - Sentenced / James McDougal - April 14th, 1997: "James McDougal,
former partner in Whitewater, sentenced Apr. 14 to 3 years in prison for
seeking to profit from fraudulent loans. He died in prison, Mar. 8, 1998."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1997 - The Grand Chessboard - "Former National Security
Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski publishes a book in which he portrays the Eurasian
landmass as the key to world power, and Central Asia with its vast oil reserves
as the key to domination of Eurasia. He states that for the US to maintain
its global primacy, it must prevent any possible adversary from controlling
that region. Almost prophetically, he notes that because of popular
resistance to US military expansionism, his ambitious strategy could not
be implemented 'except in the circumstance of a truly massive and widely
perceived direct external threat.' " [Link:
1
2]
1997 - Files Destroyed / Iran Coup - "The CIA
destroyed files on 1953 Iran coup d'état."
[Based on: The New York Times,
05/29/1997]
1997 - Project for the New American
Century - "Sunday [8/10/03] The Washington Post published
the results of a lengthy investigation into the Bush administration's claims
about an Iraqi nuclear weapons program. The story also described the creation
within the White House last August [2002] of a special group charged with
winning support from Congress, from the United Nations if necessary and from
the American people for a war against Iraq. [....]
"September 11th left me emotionally battered, struggling and
scared, and it was precisely that fear that George W. Bush, Dick Cheney,
Donald Rumsfeld and Condoleezza Rice tapped into - in me and everyone else
- with their calculated, misleading conjurings of mushroom clouds, poisons
and diseases.
"Only later did I realize that the real campaign for this war
began in the spring of 1997, with the creation of the Project for the New
American Century, a group of conservative acedemics, ideologues and
once-and-future government functionaries. Cheney, Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz,
Jeb Bush and many senior officials in the current administration signed its
founding statement of principles.
"On January 26, 1998, the Project issued a public letter to
then-President Bill Clinton. It called for regime change in Iraq, by force
if necessary.
"Not quite four years later, the attacks of September 11th supplied
an aching touchstone through which the Project, whose backers had returned
to positions of power throughout government, could build support for its
new-world-order objectives. Facts can be debated and the meaning of intelligence
estimates can be argued, but the emotional, psycological and political power
of September 11th is enduring and unassailable." [Source: Eric Mink, August
13th, 2003]
1997 - Convicted / Timothy McVeigh -
June 2nd, 1997: "After 23 1/2 hours of deliberations over four days, the
jury convicts McVeigh on all 11 counts."
1997 - Condemned / Timothy McVeigh - June 3rd,
1997: "Jury condemned Timothy McVeigh to die by injection."
1997 - Chinese Hong Kong - July 1st [12:01
a.m.], 1997: "The Chinese flag is raised in Hong Kong."
1997 - Landing / Mars Pathfinder - July 4th,
1997: "Mars Pathfinder successfully landed [near Ares Vallis] on the
planet Mars." [Links:
1,
2]
1997 - Formal Sentence / Timothy McVeigh
- August 14, 1997: "Before being formally sentenced to death, McVeigh tells
the judge the government 'teaches the people by its example.' "
1997 - "Patent / Creativity Machine [Skynet?]"
- August 19th, 1997: "A St. Louis physicist [Stephen Thaler] created a computer
program called the Creativity Machine that simulates what goes on in the
human brain. It has invented new products, composed music, coined new words
and frightened some who fear such self-aware machines could take over the
world. [....] Thaler, too, is engineering
independent robots. A glossy, black, plastic cockroach named H3 could be
the prototype for swarms of bunker-busting robots that could seek out, explore
and use collective intelligence to defeat an enemy target. The U.S. Air Force
has contracted Thaler to create such robots. [....] Thaler's first contact
with the Air Force used a Creativity Machine to help design warheads that
reconfigure the pattern of schrapnel scattering. That's important to limit
collateral damage and to save money by tailoring bombs to destroy a target
in one hit. [....] Spy agencies want to use Thaler's technology to map the
Internet and detect unusual behavior. [....] Sci-fi fans see similarity between
Thaler's thinking machines and Skynet. There's even an eerie coincidence
between the fictional satellite's Judgement Day - August 29th, 1997 - and
the date the patent for Creativity Machine became final - August 19th, 1997."
[Based on article by Tina Hesman, St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
01/25/04]
1997 - Fatality / Princess Diana - August
31st, 1997: "The British public was shocked by the death
of Princess Diana, in a Paris car crash."
1997 - Pioneer 11 Flyby / Saturn - September
1st, 1997: "Saturn is the sixth planet from
the sun, between bigger Jupiter and smaller Uranus. It was previously visited
in flybys by NASA's Pioneer 11 on Sept. 1, 1997, Voyager 1 on Nov. 12, 1980,
and Voyager 2 on Aug. 25, 1981. But none of those visitors entered orbit
around Saturn.
"The 3.3 billion, U.S.-European spacecraft [Cassini], which
also carries a probe to explore the moon Titan, was launched in October 1997.
It is named for an early-day astronomer. NASA built the plutonium-powered
spacecraft [Cassini]; the European Space Agency contributed the Huygens
(pronounced HOY-genz) probe." [A.P., 06/12/04]
1997 - Orbit Entry / Mars Global Surveyor -
September 11th, 1997: "Mars Global Surveyor arrives at Mars."
[Links:
1,
2]
1997 - Launch / Cassini Spacecraft [to Saturn]
- October, 1997: "The 3.3 billion, U.S.-European
spacecraft [Cassini], which also carries a probe to explore the moon Titan,
was launched in October 1997. It is named for an early-day astronomer. NASA
built the plutonium-powered spacecraft; the European Space Agency contributed
the Huygens (pronounced HOY-genz) probe." [A.P., 06/12/04]
1997 - Convictions / 1993 WTC Bombings -
November 12th, 1997: "Islamic militants Ramzi Ahmed Yousef and Eyad Ismoil
Yousef convicted, Nov. 12, in the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center
in New York City." [Based on: The World Almanac and
Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1997 - Convicted / Terry Nichols - December 23rd, 1997: "Terry Nichols
convicted Dec. 23 on charges related to the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1997 - Terrorist Reports - "The FBI and
CIA received reports that a terrorist group had bought a remote-controlled
plane that could be used to crash into a building." [S.L.P.D., 9/19/02]
1997 - Status / U.S. Oil Refineries -
"Between 1997 and 2002, the number of U.S. refineries dropped to 153 from
282. Refining capacity in that period rose 2.4 percent to 16.8 million barrels
a day, according to the Energy Department. However, domestic demand for gasoline
surged 27 percent in that period." [by Jim Efstathiou Jr., Bloomberg News,
May 2004]
1997 - Chemical Weapons Convention - "In
1997, the chemical weapons convention came into force, a powerful system
to prevent development, stockpiling or production of chemical weapons, backed
by a 500-strong inspection agency based in the Hague."
1997 - Status / National Debt, Sweden
- "The Swedish national debt was 1.4 trillion crowns in the fall of 1997,
which makes Sweden more debt-ridden than either Brazil or Argentina. Interest
on the national debt was 111 billion kronor yearly, which is about 40 billion
more than the cost of old-age benefits. Every Swede owed various banks 158,558
crowns each in 1997. Half of Swedish national income goes to pay interest.
Twenty-five percent of the export income went to support of the national
debt in 1990. The head of the central bank, Bengt Dennis, said: 'In the circles
where I move, it is expected that Sweden keeps a high interest rate.'
"In the beginning of the 1990s the bankers Salomon Brothers,
which had provided the Swedish government with huge loans, demanded that
the Swedish crown be devalued. The government complied." [Juri Lina, The
Barnes Review, September/October 2004, p. 14]
1997 - Kyoto Protocol - "Global warming is believed
to be intensified by human activities, in particular emissions of heat-trapping
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.
The European Union has been a leader in pushing for implementation of the
Kyoto Protocol, a U.N. pact drawn up in 1997 to combat climate change by
reducing carbon-dioxide emissions worldwide in 2010 to 8 percent below 1990
levels. So far, 123 countries, including all 25 EU members, have ratified
the pact, but it isn't in effect because it hasn't reached the required level
of nations accounting for 55 percent of the industrialized world's emissions.
The United States, the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused
to ratify, arguing the agreement would hurt its economy, and Russia also
hasn't signed. The report Wednesday [08/18/04] urges that the Kyoto Protocol
be adopted, saying climate changes 'will considerably affect our societies
and environments for decades and centuries to come.' It said the decade of
the 1990s was the warmest decade on record, and the three hottest years recorded
- 1998, 2002 and 2003 - occured in the last six years, with the average global
temperature now rising at almost 0.36 degrees per decade." [By Jan M. Olsen,
A.P., 08/19/04]
1997 - Aluminum Smelter / Alcoa Inc. - "One
company, Alcoa, Inc. North America's largest aluminum smelter, was responsible
for more than 100,000 tons of toxic emissions at one of its plants in 1997.
Neighboring Milam County residents maintain that the air around Alcoa's smelter
is so acidic that it eats the galvanized coating off barbed-wire fences."
[Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Crimes Against Nature, pp. 16-17]
1997 - TXI Corporation / Midlothian, Texas -
"According to a 1997 report in the Dallas Observer, 'scientists don't
even have names for some of the substances coming out of TXI's stacks."
[Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Crimes Against Nature, p. 16]
1997 - The Day After Roswell - "Backed
by documents newly declassified through the Freedom of Information Act, Colonel
Corso [Retired], former head of the Foreign Technology Desk at the U.S. Army's
Research and Development department, reveals for the first time his personal
stewardship of alien artifacts from the 1947 Roswell crash, and discloses
the government's astonishing role in the Roswell incident." [Link:
1]
*Trivia: On The History Channel, a program entitled:
UFO Files: The Day After Roswell, aired on November 10th, 2005. The program
mentioned that Mr. Corso died in 1998." [E.M.]
1998
1998 - Bill Clinton & Monica Lewinski
- January 21st, 1998: "It was reported Jan. 21 that Whitewater
independent counsel Kenneth Starr had evidence of a sexual relationship between
Pres. Clinton and onetime Whitehouse intern Monica Lewinsky. Clinton denied
it." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 556]
1998 - Proposed Regime Change? /
Iraq - January 26th, 1998: "Sunday
[8/10/03] The Washington Post published the results of a lengthy
investigation into the Bush administration's claims about an Iraqi nuclear
weapons program. The story also described the creation within the White House
last August [2002] of a special group charged with winning support from Congress,
from the United Nations if necessary and from the American people for a war
against Iraq. [....]
"September 11th left me emotionally battered, struggling and
scared, and it was precisely that fear that George W. Bush, Dick Cheney,
Donald Rumsfeld and Condoleezza Rice tapped into - in me and everyone else
- with their calculated, misleading conjurings of mushroom clouds, poisons
and diseases.
"Only later did I realize that the real campaign for this war
began in the spring of 1997, with the creation of the Project for the New
American Century, a group of conservative acedemics, ideologues and
once-and-future government functionaries. Cheney, Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz,
Jeb Bush and many senior officials in the current administration signed its
founding statement of principles.
"On January 26, 1998, the Project issued a public letter to
then-President Bill Clinton. It called for regime change in Iraq, by force
if necessary.
"Not quite four years later, the attacks of September 11th supplied
an aching touchstone through which the Project, whose backers had returned
to positions of power throughout government, could build support for its
new-world-order objectives. Facts can be debated and the meaning of intelligence
estimates can be argued, but the emotional, psycological and political power
of September 11th is enduring and unassailable." [Based on: article by Eric
Mink, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 08/13/03]
1998 - Milosevic Crackdown / Kosovo Albanians - February 28th, 1998:
"Milosevic's troops cracked down on Kosovo Albanians in Kosovo. More than
800,000 fled. NATO airstrikes forced milosevic to hand the province over
to U.N. peacekeepers." [Based on: Reuters, World Almanac and KRT - St.
Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A13, 06/26/05]
*Links: http://www.eurofreehost.com/ko/Kosovo_conflict_3.html
1998 - Fatality / James McDougal - March
8th, 1998: "James McDougal, former partner in Whitewater, sentenced Apr.
14 [1997] to 3 years in prison for seeking to profit from fraudulent loans.
He died in prison, Mar. 8, 1998." [Based on: The World
Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - School Shooting / Jonesboro,
Arkansas - March 24th, 1998:
"2 youths aged 11 and 13 were arrested, Mar. 24, in the killing of 4 schoolgirls
and a teacher outside a Jonesboro, AR, school; later committed to a juvenile
detention center." [Based on: The World Almanac and
Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - European Central Bank - "On May
1, 1998, exactly 222 years after the founding of the order of the Illuminati
(222 being a third of 666, which in turn is a third of 1998), the European
Central Bank was established, actually a cartel of private banks. All
of the people shall be in debt through taxation. The Masonic bankers
are thus trying to realize the Knights Templars' ancient idea of creating
a European super state by means of the banking system."
[Based on: article by Juri Lina, The Barnes
Review, September/October 2004, p. 14]
1998 - Underground Nuclear Tests / India - May
11 & 13th, 1998: "India conducts underground nuclear tests; its citizens
celebrate in the streets." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 113]
1998 - Nuclear Test? / Israel - May 28th, 1998:
"In June 1998, a member of the Knesset accused the Israeli government of
conducting an underground test near Eilat on May 28, 1998. Egyptian nuclear
experts had made similar charges. The government denied the claims.
"Mordechai Vanunu provided the best look at the Israeli nuclear
arsenal in 1985, complete with photographs. A technician from Dimona who
lost his job, Vanunu secretly took photographs, migrated to Australia and
published some of his material in The London Sunday Times. He was
subsequently kidnapped by Israeli agents and imprisoned. His data showed
a sophisticated nuclear program, with over 200 bombs, with boosted devices,
neutron bombs, F-16 deliverable warheads, and Jericho warheads. He revealed
for the first time the underground plutonium separation facility where Israel
was producing 40 kilograms annually, several times more than previous estimates.
Photographs showed sophisticated designs which scientific experts say enabled
the Israelis to build bombs with as little as 4 kilograms of plutonium. In
the words of one American source, 'The Israelis can do anything we or the
Soviets can do.' " [Based on: article by John Tiffany, A.F.P., March
2004]
1998 - Nuclear Tests / Pakistan - May 28 &
30th, 1998: "Pakistan conducts nuclear tests in response to India's." [Based
on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 113]
1998 - Sentenced / Terry Nichols - June
4th, 1998: "Calling him 'an enemy of the Constitution,' a federal judge sentences
Terry L. Nichols to life in prison. The sentencing closes the judicial books
on a searing chapter in American history that underscored the nation's
vulnerability to domestic terror."
1998 - Never Asked to Lie? / Monica Lewinsky
- August 6th, 1998: "Monica Lewinsky, Aug. 6, testified to having
had a sexual relationship with Pres. Clinton, but said she was never asked
to lie." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - Terrorist Report - August 1998:
"U.S. intelligence learned that a group of unidentified Arabs planned to
fly an explosives-laden plane from a foriegn country into the World Trade
Center. The information was passed to the FBI and Federal Aviation
Administration." [S.L.P.D., 9/19/02]
1998 - Terrorist Bombs / Nairobi &
Kenya - August 7th, 1998:
"Terrorist bombs in U.S. embassies in Nairobi Kenya, and Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania,
killed at least 257, Aug. 7." [Based on: The World
Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - Inappropriate Relationship? / Bill
Clinton - August 17th, 1998: "In
grand jury testimony and an address to the nation Aug. 17, Clinton acknowledged
an inappropriate relationship with Monica Lewinsky."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1998 - U.S. Cruise Missles / Afghanistan - August
20, 1998: "President Bill Clinton sent 75 cruise missiles pounding into rural
Afghanistan - supposedly targeting Osama Bin Laden. The raid killed children
gathered in a village school and left a local mosque in ruins. And after
that, bin Laden's portrait appeared on even more walls, especially among
Muslim youth who are bitterly disenchanted with a world dominated, perverted
and robbed by the U.S." [Link:
1]
*Trivia:
"The U.S. launched retaliatory strikes , Aug. 20, against alleged
terrorist-related targets in Afghanistan and Sudan."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1998 - Terrorist Report - September 1998:
"U.S. intelligence learned that Osama bin Laden's next operation could involve
flying an aircraft loaded with explosives into a U.S. airport and detonating
it." [S.L.P.D. 9/19/02]
1998 - Terrorist Reports - Fall 1998:
"U.S. intelligence received reports of a bin Laden plot involving aircraft
in the New York and Washington areas." [S.L.P.D. 9/19/02]
1998 - Grounds for Impeachment? / U.S.A. -
September 9th, 1998: "On Sept. 9, independent counsel Kenneth Starr sent
the House what he called 'credible information that may constitute grounds'
for impeachment." [Based on: The World Almanac and
Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - Origins of Life in the Universe - "On
12 September 1998, the leading British scientific magazine New Scientist
published the ground-breaking research of a NASA team led by Lou Allamandola
into the origins - and requirements - of life in the universe. [....] This
team had succeeded in creating some of the complex molecules necessary by
recreating in the labatory conditions similar to those found inside clouds
of gas in interstellar space." [Based on: The Stargate Conspiracy,
p. 10]
1998 - Trivia / U.S. Impeachment
Investigation - October 5th, 1998: "The House Judiciary Committee,
Oct. 5, voted 21-16 along party lines to recommend that the Clinton impeachment
investigation proceed. The House concurred Oct. 8, voting 258-176; 31 Democrats
voted yes." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of
Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - Paula Jones Settlement / Bill Clinton - November 13th, 1998:
"Pres. Clinton, Nov. 13th, settled a suit by agreeing to pay $850,000 dollars
to Paula Corbin Jones. She alleged that he had made an unwanted sexual advance
to her in 1991." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - Tobacco Settlements / U.S.A. - November 23rd, 1998: "The country's
4 largest tobacco companies, in a settlement, Nov. 23, with 46 states, the
District of Columbia, and 4 territories, agreed to pay $206 bil over 25 years
to cover public health costs related to smoking." [Based
on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
*Trivia: "Four tobacco companies agreed in 1998 to pay $206 billion
over 25 years to end state lawsuits over the cost of treating smoking-related
illnesses. Four states settled separately for another 40 billion." [A.P]
*Trivia: "An appeals court dealt a major blow Friday [02/04/05] to
the government's attempt to hold the tobacco industry accountable for decades
of alleged deceit about the dangers of smoking, ruling that the Justice
Department can't seek $280 billion in penalties. [....] Even if the decision
stands, U.S. District judge Gladys Kessler could impose restrictions on the
tobacco companies, such as limiting marketing or requiring the industry to
fund public health campaigns or smoking cessation programs. [....] In dissent,
Judge David Tatel said his colleagues ignored Supreme Court precedent, misread
the law and contradicted the decision of another appeals court, the 2nd U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals in New York. [....]" [Based on: A.P., 02/05/05]
1998 - Secret U.S. Intelligence Report / Purported
Hijack Plot - December 4th, 1998: "WASHINGTON - A secret intelligence
report prepared for President Bill Clinton in December 1998 reported on a
suspected plot by Osama bin Laden to hijack a U.S. airliner in an effort
to force the United States to release imprisoned conspirators in the 1993
World Trade Center attacks. The one-page declassified version of the President's
Daily Brief dated Dec. 4, 1998, contains chilling information the CIA had
gleaned from several sources indicating that al-Qaida was working with U.S.-based
operatives of the Egyptian group Gama at al-Islamiyya in the purported hijack
plot. The briefing shows that the intelligence community and the White House
were aware of al-Qaida's interest in hijacking U.S. airliners long before
the attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. The day the briefing was prepared, then-CIA
director George Tenet said in a memo that 'we are at war,' and that no resources
should be spared to defeat the terrorists. A report by the presidential
commission investigating the Sept. 11 attacks will include the newly declassified
document and a previously declassified presidential briefing from Aug. 6,
2001, when it is released this week [July 2004]. It will also contain details
of what the commission's executive director, Philip Zelikow, described Saturday
[07/17/04] as an 'energetic response' to the hijack threat information by
the Clinton administration, including its efforts to determine if the reports
were true. The Aug. 6, 2001, brief prepared for President George W. Bush
mentioned 1998 intelligence concerning a plot by bin-Laden 'to hijack a U.S.
aircraft to gain the release of 'Blind Sheik' Omar Abdel Rahman and other
U.S.-held extremists.' The 2001 brief said intelligence officials 'have not
been able to corroborate' the plot reports from 1998. The 1998 brief is titled:
'Bin Laden preparing to hijack U.S. aircraft and other attacks.' It
was declassified, with some parts covered up, by the White House last Monday
[July 2004] at the request of the Sept. 11 commission. The text of the 1998
brief was read to a reporter by an administration official. [....] A White
House official said Saturday [07/17/04] that the Bush national security team
was not apprised by the Clinton administration about the intelligence report
on a suspected hijack plot to free Rahman." [Based on: article by Susan Schmidt,
The Washington Post, 07/18/04 - bold-faced highlights by E.M.]
1998 - Launch / Mars Climate Orbiter - December
11th, 1998: "Mars Climate Orbiter launch." [Link:
1]
1998 - Articles of Impeachment? / U.S.A. - December 19th, 1998: "The
U.S. House, Dec. 19, approved 2 articles of impeachment charging Pres. Clinton
with grand jury perjury (228-206) and obstruction of justice (221-212) in
a cover-up of his sexual relationship with Monica Lewinsky; 2 other impeachment
articles failed." [Based on: The World Almanac and
Book of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1998 - FDA Approval / CELEBREX - December 31st,
1998: "Approved by the FDA on this date in history: CELEBREX (celecoxibl)."
[Based on: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A6, 12/23/04]
1998 - Civil War / Congo - "Congo
plunged into civil war in 1998, a year after Mr. Kabila's father, Laurent
Kabila, overthrew dictator Mobutu Sese Seko. [....] Neighboring countries,
including Rwanda and Uganda, entered Congo's civil war. [....] The fighting
is less about ideology than exploiting Congo's resources, both for personal
gain and to purchase the illegal arms that have kept this conflict alive."
[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]
1998 - Trivia / Economic Status, Argentina
- "Argentina went bankrupt in the spring of 2002, having a national
debt of $132 billion. Two Jewish banks (Banco de Patricios and Banco de Mayo)
collapsed in 1998 due to the owners' criminal activities. This was a final
blow to the national economy." [Juri Lina, The Barnes Review,
September/October 2004, p. 14]
1998 - Price-Fixing Conspiracy / Bayer Corp. - "Bayer Corp., the U.S.
subsidiary of Bayer AG of Germany, will plead guilty and pay a $33 million
criminal fine for its involvement in a conspiracy to fix chemical prices,
the Justice Department said. Court papers filed Thursday [09/30/04] at U.S.
District Court in San Francisco show that Bayer admitted conspiring from
1998 to 2002 with unnamed entities and individuals to suppress market competition
by fixing the prices of polyester polyols, a chemical used to strengthen
numerous consumer products, including grocery bags. Over the summer [2004],
Bayer AG pleaded guilty and said it would pay a $66 million fine in a case
involving a rubber chemical price-fixing conspiracy." [- From wire reports,
09/30/04]
1998 - Accounting Practice Change / Halliburton Co. - "Halliburton
Co. will pay $7.5 million [2004?] to settle a Securities and Exchange Commission
investigation that found the oil services conglomerate failed to disclose
a change in it's accounting proceedures in 1998, when it was run by Vice
President Dick Cheney. [....] The commission said Halliburton failed to disclose
the new practice for six reporting periods." [A.P., 08/04/04]
1998 - Anthrax Vaccination Program / U.S. Military
- "The United States began an anthrax vaccination program to immunize all
military personal."
1998 - Trivia / Junked Computers, U.S.A. - "The
National Safety Council (NSC) estimates that 315 million computers will be
junked in 2004, up from 20 million in 1998. In 1998 (the last year this was
monitored), only 11 percent of the PCs that were thrown out were recycled.
Unfortunately, old PCs tossed into landfills contain dangerous chemicals
and metals that can leak toxins into the environment - a good reason to recycle
your machine when you buy a new one." [Based on: Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology
Almanac, p. 3]
1998 - "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" - 1998: "309 pages, 50,000
initial print run, 26 million in print." [Based on: article in S.L.P.D.,
p. A10, 07/13/05]
1998 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1998 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 29,401."
[E.M.]
1999
1999 - Launch / Mars Polar Lander - January
3rd, 1999: "Mars Polar Lander launch." [Link:
1]
1999 - Impeachment Trial / Pres. Clinton
- January 7th, 1999: "Pres. Clinton's impeachment trial - the 2nd such trial
in U.S. history - began in the GOP-controlled Senate Jan. 7. He was aquitted,
Feb. 12. The perjury article failed, with 45 votes; the obstruction of justice
article drew a 50-50 vote, with a two-thirds vote needed for conviction."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 556]
1999 - Acquittal / President Clinton
- February 12th, 1999: "Pres. Clinton's impeachment trial - the 2nd such
trial in U.S. history - began in the GOP-controlled Senate Jan. 7. He was
aquitted, Feb. 12. The perjury article failed, with 45 votes; the obstruction
of justice article drew a 50-50 vote, with a two-thirds vote needed for
conviction." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 556]
1999 - Terrorist Report - March
1999: "U.S. intelligence received reports of an al-Qaida member, an American
citizen, who was planning to fly an explosives-laden hang glider into the
Egyptian presidential palace." [S.L.P.D., 9/19/02]
1999 - NATO Air Attacks /
Serbia - March 24th - June 10th,
1999: "NATO carries out large-scale air attacks against Serbia in reaction
to Serbian oppression of the ethnic Albanians in Kosovo." [Sources: NATO,
The Associated Press, the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]
1999 - DU in the Balkans - "U.S. Air Force A-10
Thunderbolt II aircraft fired approximately 10,000 30mm DU rounds [3.3 tons
of DU] at 12 sites in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1994-1995. In 1999, they fired
nearly 31,000 DU rounds [10.2 tons of DU] at 85 sites in Kosovo." [Link:
1]
1999 - Convicted / Dr. Jack Kevorkian - March 26th, 1999: "Dr. Jack
Kevorkian, who claimed he had helped 130 people kill themselves, convicted
of 2nd-degree murder Mar. 26 in one death; sentenced to 10-25 years in prison."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 557]
1999 - School Shooting / Littleton, Colorado - April 20th, 1999: "Eric
Harris, 18, and Dylan Klebold, 17, killed 12 fellow students and a teacher
Apr. 20 at Columbine High School in Littleton, CO, then shot themselves fatally."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 557] Link: http://judicial-inc.biz/columbine_killers.htm
*Trivia: "At 6:15 a.m., on Tuesday, April 20th, 1999, Eric Harris
and Dylan Klebold arrived at the local bowling alley for their early morning
class. The class was Bowling, and they never missed it. Dylan wore a shirt
with the label "Serial Killer" in the front, but the shirt had been seen
before and nobody thought anything of it. Neither of them gave any indication
of what they were planning to do that day. They acted as they would've acted
on any regular day at school, except that after class ended, they left the
bowling alley, and did not return to Columbine as they were supposed to until
11:10 a.m. [....]"
[Based on: http://judicial-inc.biz/Columbine_Thiebault.htm#Columbine%20timeline]
1999 - Movie Release / Star Wars Episode I: The
Phantom Menace - May 1999: "Released this date in history:
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Movie Gross: 926 million."
[Based on: S.L.P.D., p. E1, 05/18/05]
1999 - Weapons of Mass Destruction? / Israel
- "On May 14, 1999, the influential Jewish weekly, Forward,
published an article expressing outrage that 'President Clinton is raising
for the first time public concerns about Israel’s nuclear program.'
"The article pointed out that some 35 members of the U.S. Congress
had written a letter to Clinton expressing concerns about imprisoned Israeli
nuclear engineer Mordechai Vanunu, who was the first to publicly expose
Israel’s nuclear bomb production program.
"Responding in a letter dated April 22, 1999 to then-Rep. Lynn
Rivers (D-Mich.), President Clinton did more than just express his own concerns
about Vanunu’s plight. Clinton also said: 'I . . . share your concerns
about the Israeli nuclear program. We have repeatedly urged Israel and other
non-parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty to adhere to the treaty and accept
comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards.'
"Forward reported that 'Jewish leaders reacted with shock
at news that Mr. Clinton had weighed in on Mr. Vanunu and Israel’s nuclear
program,' and cited the reaction of Anti-Defamation League director Abe Foxman,
who attacked Clinton, saying: 'I can’t believe the president would send
such a letter. These are very sensitive issues. It is so judgmental.'
"Foxman’s disgust with Clinton was not unique. Malcolm
Hoenlein, executive vice president of the Conference of Presidents of Major
American Jewish Organizations, declared: 'The president’s reference
to Israel’s nuclear program is surprising and disturbing. As far as
we know it’s unprecedented.' " [Michael Collins Piper, A.F.P., March
2004]
1999 - FDA Approval / VIOXX - May 29th, 1999:
"Approved by the FDA on this date in history: VIOXX (rofecoxibl)." [Based
on: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A6, 12/23/04]
1999 - Terrorism Report / Yemen - June 1st,
1999: " 'The Times' of London reported on June 1,1999, that
the American military chiefs feared that the terrorist violence in Yemen
might jeopardise their secret deal with the Yemeni authorities to establish
an important naval base at Aden. It said that the Pentagon planned to use
the former British colony to bunker 600,000 barrels of marine diesel and
aviation fuel which would be used to service its naval operations in the
Gulf against President Saddam Hussein of Iraq and that the first US warship
docked in Aden under the deal in May, 1999. The paper quoted a senior US
official as saying: 'This eruption of Islamic terrorism in Yemen could not
have come at a worse time, when we are considering hundreds of American military
personnel walking around Aden on shore leave.' "
1999 - End / Kosovo Conflict - June 10th,
1999: "The Kosovo Conflict ends."
1999 - Fatality / John F. Kennedy Jr. -
July 16th, 1999: "John F. Kennedy Jr., son of the former president, died
in a plane crash July 16 along with his wife, Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and
his sister-in-law, Lauren Bessette." [Based on: The
World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 557]
1999 - Fatality? / Mars Climate Orbiter - September
23rd, 1998: "Mars Climate Orbiter believed lost." [Link:
1]
1999 - Unratified / Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty,
U.S.A. - October 13th, 1999: "The U.S. Senate fails to ratify the
Comprehensive Test ban Treaty." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 113]
1999 - Bloodless Coup / Pakistan - "[....] Musharraf [Pervez Musharraf]
has become a key ally of the United States in the fight against terrorism
since he seized power in a bloodless coup in October 1999." [Based on: News
Services, 03/26/05]
1999 - Fatality / EgyptAir Flight, Atlantic Ocean - October 31st,
1999: "[....] On Oct. 31, 1999, the pilot of an EgyptAir flight from New
York to Cairo apparently directed the plane into the Atlantic Ocean off the
coast of Nantucket, a crash that killed 217 people. [....]" [Based on: A.P.
article, p. A7, S.L.P.D., 08/18/05]
1999 - Revelation / Nations Biggest Environmental
Disaster?, U.S.A. - November 9th, 1999: "[....] W.R. Grace & Co.
and seven of its current or former top officials have been indicted [February
2005] on charges that they knowingly put their workers and the public in
danger through exposure to vermiculite ore contaminated with asbestos from
the company's mine in Libby, Mont. They are also accused of conspiring to
hide the danger from the public and the government. Hundreds of miners, their
family members and townsfolk have died and thousands have been sickened from
exposure to ore containg asbestos, not only in the tiny Montana town but
also elsewhere in the country. The health effects also threaten workers,
their families and residents where the ore was shipped, including plants
in St. Louis, and people living in millions of homes where it was used as
insulation. 'A human and environmental tradgedy occurred in Libby,' said
Montana U.S. Attorney William Mercer, in announcing the charges Monday
[02/07/05]. They include criminal conspiracy, conspiracy to defraud the
government, wire fraud, obstruction of justice and knowing endangerment.
Grace said it hadn't seen the indictment but categorically denies any criminal
wrongdoing.' [....] Federal environmental officials began examining the hazards
in Libby after Nov. 19, 1999, when the Seattle Post-Intelligencer began
publishing a series of stories about what the government has called 'the
nation's biggest environmental disaster.' [....]" [Based on article by Andrew
Schneider, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 02/08/05]
1999 - Fatality? / Mars Polar Lander - December
3rd, 1999: "Mars Polar Lander [& Deep Space 2] believed lost." [Link:
1]
1999 - Russian Invasion /
Chechnya - "Russian troops
reinvaded Chechnya after raids by Chechen rebels into a neighboring region
and bombings in Russian cities. Russian leaders blamed bombings on Chechnya."
[Based on A.P., 09/02/01]
1999 - Plot to Attack U.S. Millennium
Celebrations? - "President Bill Clinton's national security advisor,
Sandy Berger, is the focus of a criminal investigation [July 2004] after
removing highly classified terrorism documents and handwritten notes from
a secure reading room during preparations for the Sept. 11 commission hearings,
The Associated Press has learned. [....] 'In the course of reviewing over
several days thousands of pages of documents on behalf of the Clinton
administration in connection with requests by the Sept. 11 commission, I
inadvertently took a few documents from the Archives,' Berger said. 'When
I was informed by the Archives that there were documents missing, I immediately
returned everything I had except for a few documents that I apparently had
accidently discarded,' he said." [Based on: A.P., 07/20/04]
*Trivia: "The documents involved have
been a key point of contention between the Clinton and Bush administrations
on the question of who responded more forcefully to the threat of al-Qaida
terrorism. Written by former National Security Advisor aide Richard Clarke,
they discuss the 1999 plot to attack U.S. millennium celebrations and offer
more than two dozen recommendations for improving the response to Osama bin
Laden's al-Qaida network." [A.P., 07/22/04]
1999 - Record Close / D.J.I.A. - "The
Dow Jones Industrial Average closed the year at a record level of 11,497.12
- 25.2 percent above the 1998 close." [Based on: The
World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 557]
1999 - Oil Consumption / Worldwide - "Oil
consumption grew 14 percent during the 1990s, and this burned fuel accounts
for some 40 percent of the 24 billion tons of carbon dioxide added to the
atmosphere annually." [Source: National Geographic Magazine, Sept. 2002]
1999 - 1990s / Hottest Decade On Record - "Rising
sea levels, disappearing glaciers in the Alps and more deadly heat waves
are coming for Europeans because of global warming, Europe's environmental
agency warned Wednesday [08/18/04]. The European Environment Agency said
much more needs to be done - and fast. Climate change 'will considerably
affect our societies and environments for decades and centuries to come,'
its 107-page report says. [....] It said the decade of the 1990s was the
warmest decade on record, and the three hottest years recorded - 1998, 2002
and 2003 - occured in the last six years, with the average global temperature
now rising at almost 0.36 degrees per decade." [By Jan M. Olsen, A.P.,
08/19/04]
1999 - "Grandfathered" Facilities / Texas
- "When the Texas Clean Air Act of 1971 became law, more than 1,000
industrial facilities were 'grandfathered,' or exempted from the new pollution
regulations. The idea was that these grandfathered plants would either modernize
or become obsolete and close down. [....] Fully one-third of the state's
air pollution - 903,800 tons a year by the end of the 1990's - was issuing
from these grandfathered smokestacks. These plants emit as much nitrogen
oxide as 18 million cars." [Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Crimes Against
Nature, pp. 15-16]
1999 - Status / Nuclear Weapons, World-Wide -
"In the decade since the Berlin Wall was torn down,
newspaper readers and television viewers were given little indication that
some 31,000 nuclear weapons remained in the world, or that 6,000 of them
were targeted at the United States. A whole generation came of age lacking
even rudimentary information regarding nuclear arms and nuclear peril. On
the tenth anniversary of the end of the wall, few commentators taking stock
of the decade bothered to mention the persistence of nuclear
danger." [Based on:
Harper’s Magazine,
January 2000, pages 41-56] [Link:
1]
*Trivia: -
"By the century’s
end, the web of arms-control agreements that had been painstakingly woven
during the last half century of the Cold War was tearing apart. The United
States Senate voted down the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty—an act that
cut away the foundation of several decades of effort by the United States
to halt the spread of nuclear weapons. The Senate also persuaded the Clinton
Administration to develop a national missile defense, which would violate
the Antiballistic Missile Treaty of 1972, thereby threatening to turn
Russia’s stalling on the START negotiations into outright opposition.
The combined resolve of the five senior nuclear powers [the United States,
Russia, England, France, and China] to keep their arsenals and of other countries
to obtain them likewise threatened the breakdown of the Nuclear Nonproliferation
Treaty, under which 180 countries have agreed to forgo nuclear weapons in
exchange for promises by the nuclear powers to abolish
theirs."
[Based on:
Harper’s Magazine, January 2000, pages 41-56] [Link:
1]
1999 - Status / Environmental Quality, Texas
- "According to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, fully one-quarter
of Texas's streams and rivers are so polluted that they do not meet standards
set for recreational use. Half of the state's 20 million people reside in
areas where the smog pollution surpasses federal limits. In 1999, Houston
overtook Los Angeles as America's smoggiest city. Texas also ranked first
in toxic releases to the environment, first in toxic air emissions from
industrial facilities, first in toxic chemical incidents, and first in
cancer-causing pollution. Also in 1999, 15 of the nation's 30 highest smog
readings were all taken in Texas. Every major urban area - Houston, Dallas,
San Antonio, Austin, El Paso, and Longview - either failed to meet the
EPA's minium air quality standards, or was on the verge of failing." [Robert
F. Kennedy Jr., Crimes Against Nature, p. 12]
1999 - Critical Report / Trans Fat, U.S.A. -
"[....] An artificial fat once embraced as a cheap and seemingly healthy
alternative to saturated fats like butter or tropical oils, partially
hydrogenbated oil has been the food industry's favorite cooking medium for
decades. It makes french fries crisp and sweets creamy, and keeps packaged
pastries fresh for months. But scientists contend that trans fat, a component
of the oil, is more dangerous than the fat it replaced. Studies show trans
fat has the same heart-clogging properties as saturated fat, but unklike
saturated fat, it reduces the good cholesterol that can clear arteries. [....]
At least 30,000 and as many as 100,000 cardiac deaths a year in the United
States could be prevented if people replaced trans fat with healthier
nonhydrogenated polyunsaturated or monounsaturated oils, according to a 1999
joint report by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health and the
Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The $500 billion food processing
industry has long defended trans fat, starting in the 1970s when scientists
first raised concerns. But with the new labeling requirement looming and
lawmakers searching for ways to hold food companies responsible for their
customer' health, getting rid of it has become an obsession. [....]" [Based
on: New York Times, 02/13/05]
1999 - The Stargate
Conspiracy - "Copyright 1999: The
Stargate Conspiracy, Lynn Picknett & Clive Prince."
1999 - Genesis Of the Grail Kings - "First published in Great Britain
in 1999: Genesis Of the Grail Kings, by Laurence Gardner. First published
in the United States in 2000."
1999 - "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" - 1999: "341 pages, 250,000
first printing, 24 million in print." [Based on: article in S.L.P.D., p.
A10, 07/13/05]
1999 - "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" - 1999: "435 pages, 500,000
first printing, 19 million in print." [Based on: article in S.L.P.D., p.
A10, 07/13/05]
Pre-1945 /
1945 /
1980 /
2000 /
2009
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